出版時間:2008-8 出版社:科學 作者:布拉欽 頁數(shù):513
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前言
對于國內(nèi)的物理學工作者和青年學生來講,研讀國外優(yōu)秀的物理學著作是系統(tǒng)掌握物理學知識的一個重要手段。但是,在國內(nèi)并不能及時、方便地買到國外的圖書,且國外圖書不菲的價格往往令國內(nèi)的讀者卻步,因此,把國外的優(yōu)秀物理原著引進到國內(nèi),讓國內(nèi)的讀者能夠方便地以較低的價格購買是一項意義深遠的工作,將有助于國內(nèi)物理學工作者和青年學生掌握國際物理學的前沿知識,進而推動我國物理學科研和教學的發(fā)展?! 榱藵M足國內(nèi)讀者對國外優(yōu)秀物理學著作的需求,科學出版社啟動了引進國外優(yōu)秀著作的工作,出版社的這一舉措得到了國內(nèi)物理學界的積極響應和支持,很快成立了專家委員會,開展了選題的推薦和篩選工作,在出版社初選的書單基礎上確定了第一批引進的項目,這些圖書幾乎涉及了近代物理學的所有領域,既有闡述學科基本理論的經(jīng)典名著,也有反映某一學科專題前沿的專著。在選擇圖書時,專家委員會遵循了以下原則:基礎理論方面的圖書強調(diào)“經(jīng)典”,選擇了那些經(jīng)得起時間檢驗、對物理學的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重要影響、現(xiàn)在還不“過時”的著作(如:狄拉克的《量子力學原理》)。反映物理學某一領域進展的著作強調(diào)“前沿”和“熱點”,根據(jù)國內(nèi)物理學研究發(fā)展的實際情況,選擇了能夠體現(xiàn)相關學科最新進展,對有關方向的科研人員和研究生有重要參考價值的圖書。這些圖書都是最新版的,多數(shù)圖書都是2000年以后出版的,還有相當一部分是2006年出版的新書。因此,這套叢書具有權威性、前瞻性和應用性強的特點。由于國外出版社的要求,科學出版社對部分圖書進行了少量的翻譯和注釋(主要是目錄標題和練習題),但這并不會影響圖書“原汁原味”的感覺,可能還會方便國內(nèi)讀者的閱讀和理解?! 八街梢怨ビ瘛?,希望這套叢書的出版能夠為國內(nèi)物理學工作者和青年學生的工作和學習提供參考,也希望國內(nèi)更多專家參與到這一工作中來,推薦更多的好書。
內(nèi)容概要
Dyson和Wigner最先成功地將隨機矩陣應用到物理學中,經(jīng)過六七十年的發(fā)展,現(xiàn)在它在物理學中的應用越來越廣泛,并且已經(jīng)滲透到了現(xiàn)代數(shù)學、物理學的很多新興領域,是理論物理學家的重要數(shù)學工具。隨機矩陣理論相關的數(shù)學方法能夠解決更多的問題,而且方式更加靈活,在物理學中的應用也更加深入,可以用來計算介觀系統(tǒng)的通用關系。它在無序系統(tǒng)和量子混沌領域也有一些新的應用,并且通過建立新的矩陣模型,在二維引力和弦以及非阿貝爾規(guī)范理論方面取得了重要進展。 本書由本領域的杰出學者撰寫,系統(tǒng)闡述了相關的理論知識。適合對隨機矩陣處理物理問題感興趣的研究生和科研人員參考。
書籍目錄
PrefaceRandom Matrices and Number TheoryJ.P. Keating 1 Introduction 2 ζ(1/2+it)and logζ(1/2+it) 3 Characteristic polynomials of random unitary matrices 4 Other compact groups 5 Families of L-functions and symmetry 6 Asymptotic expansionsReferences2D Quantum Gravity, Matrix Models and Graph CombinatoricsP. Di Francesco 1 Introduction 2 Matrix models for 2D quantum gravity 3 The one-matrix model I: large N limit and the enumeration of planar graphs 4 The trees behind the graphs 5 The one-matrix model II:topological expansions and quantum gravity 58 6 The combinatorics beyond matrix models: geodesic distance in planar graphs 7 Planar graphs as spatial branching processes 8 ConclusionReferencesEigenvalue Dynamics, Follytons and Large N Limits of MatricesJoakim Arnlind, Jens HoppeReferencesRandom Matrices and Supersymmetry in Disordered SystemsK.B. Efetov 1 Supersymmetry method 2 Wave functions fluctuations in a finite volume. Multifractality 3 Recent and possible future developments 4 SummaryAcknowledgementsReferencesHydrodynamics of Correlated SystemsAlexander G.Abanoy 1 Introduction 2 Instanton or rare fluctuation method 3 Hydrodynam ic approach 4 Linearized hydrodynamics or bosoflization 5 EFP through an asymptotics of the solution 6 Free fermions 7 Calogero-Sutherland model 8 Free fermions on the lattice 9 ConclusionAcknowledgementsAppendix:Hydrodynamic approach to non-Galilean invariant systemsAppendix:Exact results for EFP in some integrable modelsReferencesQCD,Chiral Random Matrix Theory and IntegrabilityJ.JM.Verbaarschot 1 Summarv 2 IntrodUCtion 3 OCD 4 The Dirac spectrum in QCD 5 Low eflergy limit of QCD 6 Chiral RMT and the QCD Dirac spectrum 7 Integrability and the QCD partition function 8 QCD at fin ite baryon density 9 Full QCD at nonzero chemical potential 10 ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesEUClidean Random Matrices:SOlved and Open ProblemsGiorgio Parisi 1 Introduction 2 Basic definitions 3 Physical motivations 4 Field theory 5 The simplest case 6 PhononsReferencesMatrix Models and Growth Processes3A.Zabrodin 1 Introduction 2 Some ensembles of random matrices with cornplex eigenvalues 3 Exact results at finite N 4 Large N limit 5 The matrix model as a growth problemReferencesMatrix Models and Topological StringsMarcos Marino 1 Introduction 2 Matrix models 3 Type B topological strings and matrix models 4 Type A topological strings, Chern-Simons theory and matrix models 366ReferencesMatrix Models of Moduli SpaceSunil Mukhi 1 Introduction 2 Moduli space of Riemann surfaces and its topology 3 Quadratic differentials and fatgraphs 4 The Penner model 5 Penner model and matrix gamma function 6 The Kontsevich Model 7 Applications to string theory 8 ConclusionsReferencesMatrix Models and 2D String TheoryEmil J. Martinec 1 Introduction 2 An overview of string theory 3 Strings in D-dimensional spacetime 4 Discretized surfaces and 2D string theory 5 An overview of observables 6 Sample calculation: the disk one-point function 7 Worldsheet description of matrix eigenvalues 8 Further results 9 Open problemsReferencesMatrix Models as Conformal Field TheoriesIvan K. Kostov 1 Introduction and historical notes 2 Hermitian matrix integral: saddle points and hyperelliptic curves 3 The hermitian matrix model as a chiral CFT 4 Quasiclassical expansion: CFT on a hyperelliptic Riemann surface 5 Generalization to chains of random matricesReferencesLarge N Asymptotics of Orthogonal Polynomials from Integrability to Algebraic GeometryB. Eynard 1 Introduction 2 Definitions 3 Orthogonal polynomials 4 Differential equations and integrability 5 Riemann-Hilbert problems and isomonodromies 6 WKB-like asymptotics and spectral curve 7 Orthogonal polynomials as matrix integrals 8 Computation of derivatives of F(0) 9 Saddle point method 10 Solution of the saddlepoint equation 11 Asymptotics of orthogonal polynomials 12 ConclusionReferences
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