中國(guó)政府白皮書

前言

　　勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)保障權(quán)利是公民的基本權(quán)利，關(guān)系廣大公民的切身利益。中國(guó)是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，人口眾多，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平不高，發(fā)展勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)保障事業(yè)的任務(wù)十分艱巨?！　≈袊?guó)政府從本國(guó)國(guó)情出發(fā)，依據(jù)《中華人民共和國(guó)憲法》和《中華人民共和國(guó)勞動(dòng)法》，保障公民的勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)保障權(quán)利，努力提高勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)保障管理服務(wù)水平，取得了巨大成就?！　≈腥A人民共和國(guó)成立初期，中國(guó)政府采取一系列有效措施，解決了舊中國(guó)遺留下來(lái)的嚴(yán)重失業(yè)問(wèn)題，保障了人民的基本生活。在計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下，中國(guó)實(shí)行高度集中統(tǒng)一的就業(yè)、工資和勞動(dòng)保險(xiǎn)制度，對(duì)統(tǒng)籌安排當(dāng)時(shí)的就業(yè)、保障職工生活、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和社會(huì)安定發(fā)揮了積極作用。但隨著歷史的發(fā)展，舊的勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)保障體制已不能適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的要求?！　?978年以來(lái)，中國(guó)堅(jiān)持以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心，實(shí)行改革開放政策，逐步走上建立社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的道路，勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)保障事業(yè)發(fā)展迅速。中國(guó)政府合理調(diào)整就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，努力促進(jìn)就業(yè)總量的增加，建立市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)向的就業(yè)機(jī)制，保持了就業(yè)形勢(shì)的基本穩(wěn)定；致力于維護(hù)和諧穩(wěn)定的勞動(dòng)關(guān)系，改革工資收入分配制度，逐步完善勞動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系，使新型勞動(dòng)關(guān)系基本形成；改革和完善社會(huì)保障制度，使社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)制度覆蓋了大多數(shù)城鎮(zhèn)從業(yè)人員和退休人員，并在城市普遍建立了居民最低生活保障制度，在農(nóng)村也積極推進(jìn)社會(huì)保障制度建設(shè)。經(jīng)過(guò)多年的探索和努力，與社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制相適應(yīng)的勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)保障制度已初步建立。

內(nèi)容概要

　　勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)保障權(quán)利是公民的基本權(quán)利，關(guān)系廣大公民的切身利益。中國(guó)是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，人口眾多，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平不高，發(fā)展勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)保障事業(yè)的任務(wù)十分艱巨?！　≈袊?guó)政府從本國(guó)國(guó)情出發(fā)，依據(jù)《中華人民共和國(guó)憲法》和《中華人民共和國(guó)勞動(dòng)法》，保障公民的勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)保障權(quán)利，努力提高勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)保障管理服務(wù)水平，取得了巨大成就?！　≈腥A人民共和國(guó)成立初期，中國(guó)政府采取一系列有效措施，解決了舊中國(guó)遺留下來(lái)的嚴(yán)重失業(yè)問(wèn)題，保障了人民的基本生活。在計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下，中國(guó)實(shí)行高度集中統(tǒng)一的就業(yè)、工資和勞動(dòng)保險(xiǎn)制度，對(duì)統(tǒng)籌安排當(dāng)時(shí)的就業(yè)、保障職工生活、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和社會(huì)安定發(fā)揮了積極作用。但隨著歷史的發(fā)展，舊的勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)保障體制已不能適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的要求。

書籍目錄

中國(guó)的勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)保障狀況（2002年4月）2002年中國(guó)的國(guó)防（2002年12月）西藏的生態(tài)建設(shè)與環(huán)境保護(hù)（2003年3月）新疆的歷史與發(fā)展（2003年5月）中國(guó)的防擴(kuò)散政策和措施（2003年12月）中國(guó)的礦產(chǎn)資源政策（2003年12月）2003年中國(guó)人權(quán)事業(yè)的進(jìn)展（2004年3月）中國(guó)的就業(yè)狀況和政策（2004年4月）西藏的民族區(qū)域自治（2004年5月）中國(guó)的社會(huì)保障狀況和政策（2004年9月）2004年中國(guó)的國(guó)防（2004年12月）

章節(jié)摘錄

　　The Navy of the PLA was established on April 23, 1949. Its primary missions are, independently or jointly with the Army and Air Force, to guard against enemy invasion from the sea, defend the states sovereignty over its territorial waters, and safeguard the states maritime rights and interests. The Navy has such arms as the sub marine, surface, naval aviation, coastal defense and marine corps, as well as other specialized units. Under the Navy, there are three fleets, namely, the Bei hai, Dong hai and Nan hai fleets, as well as the Naval Aviation Department. Each fleet has bases, maritimegarrison commands, flotillas and squadrons under its command. The submarine force is composed both of conventional and nuclear-powered units, with underwater attack and some nuclear counterattack capabilities respectively. The nuclear-powered sub-marine force, which assumes the strategic nuclear counter attack mission, is under the direct command of the CMC. The surface force has combat and support units, which have anti-ship, antisubmarine, air defense, mine warfare and shore attack capabilities. The navalaviation is composed of bomber, fighter-bomber, attacker, fighter,an tisubmarine and reconnaissance units, and security, ECM, trans-port, rescue and air refueling Units, which have reconnais sance,security, anti-ship, an tisubmaritle and air defense capabilities. Theor ganizational order is: Naval Aviation Department, fleet aviation ,and aviation division and regiment. The naval coastal defense forceis composed of shore-to-ship missile and coastal artillery units,which have capabilities to defend Chinas coasts. The marine corps has infantry, artillery, armor and engineering units, as well as reconnaissance, chemical defense and communications units. It is arapid assault force for amphibious operations.　　The Air Force of the PLA was established on November 11,1949. Its primary missions are organizing homeland air defense top rotect the territorial air, and providing air security for key facilities; organizing relatively independent air offensive operations; in dependently or jointly with the Army, the Navy or the Second Artillery Force, engaging in joint operations against enemy invasion from the air, or in conducting air strikes against the enemy.

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