操作系統(tǒng)

前言

This book is about the concepts, structure, and mechanisms of operating systems. Its purposeis to present, as clearly and completely as possible, the nature and characteristics of modern-day operating systems.This task is challenging for several reasons. First, there is a tremendous range and vari-ety of computer systems for which operating systems are designed. These include single-userworkstations and personal computers, medium-sized shared systems, large mainframe andsupercomputers, and specialized machines such as real-time systems. The variety is not justin the capacity and speed of machines, but in applications and system support requirements.Second, the rapid pace of change that has always characterized computer systems continueswith no letup. A number of key areas in operating system design are of recent origin, and re-search into these and other new areas continues.In spite of this variety and pace of change, certain fundamental concepts apply consis-tently throughout. To be sure, the application of these concepts depends on the current stateof technology and the particular application requirements. The intent of this book is to pro-vide a thorough discussion of the fundamentals of operating system design and to relatethese to contemporary design issues and to current directions in the development of operat-ing systems.

內(nèi)容概要

《操作系統(tǒng):精髓與設(shè)計(jì)原理(第6版)(英文版)》是講解操作系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)典教材，全書不僅系統(tǒng)地講述了操作系統(tǒng)的基本概念、原理和方法，而且以當(dāng)代最流行的操作系統(tǒng)——Windows Vista、UNIx和Linux為例，全面清楚地展現(xiàn)了當(dāng)代操作系統(tǒng)的本質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)。與教材配套的專用站點(diǎn)，為教師和學(xué)生理解書中內(nèi)容，提供了及時(shí)、生動(dòng)的材料。    《操作系統(tǒng):精髓與設(shè)計(jì)原理(第6版)(英文版)》既注重對(duì)操作系統(tǒng)經(jīng)典知識(shí)的講解，又緊密結(jié)合當(dāng)代最新的操作系統(tǒng)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，可作為大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)雙語(yǔ)教材和參考書，也可供從事計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)研究方向的專業(yè)技術(shù)人員參考。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

作者：（美國(guó)）斯托林斯（William Stallings） 改編：蒲曉蓉 周偉

書籍目錄

Chapter 1 Computer System Overview   1.1 Basic Elements   1.2 Processor Registers   1.3 Instruction Execution   1.4 Interrupts   1.5 The Memory Hierarchy   1.6 Cache Memory   1.7 I/O Communication Techniques   1.8 Recommended Reading and Web Sites   1.9 KeyTerms, Review Questions, and Problems   Appendix 1A Performance Characteristics of Two-Level Memory   Appendix 1B Procedure Control Chapter 2 Operating System Overview   2.1 Operating System Objectives and Functions   2.2 The Evolution of Operating Systems   2.3 Major Achievements   2.4 Developments Leading to Modern Operating Systems   2.5 Microsoft Windows Overview   2.6 Traditional UNIX Systems   2.7 Modern UNIX Systems   2.8 Linux   2.9 Recommended Reading and Web Sites   2.10 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems Chapter 3 Process Description and Control   3.1 What is a Process？   3.2 Process States   3.3 Process Description   3.4 Process Control   3.5 Execution of the Operating System   3.6 Security Issues   3.7 UNIX SVR4 Process Management   3.8 Summary   3.9 Recommended Reading   3.10 KeyTerms, Review Questions, and Problems   Programming Project One Developing a Shell Chapter 4 Threads, SMP, and Microkernels   4.1 Processes andThreads   4.2 Symmetric Multiprocessing （SMP）   4.3 Microkernels   4.4 WindowsVista Thread and SMP Management   4.5 Solaris Thread and SMP Management   4.6 Linux Process andThread Management   4.7 Summary   4.8 Recommended Reading   4.9 KeyTerms, Review Questions, and Problems Chapter 5 Concurrency: Mutual Exclusion and Synchronization   5.1 Principles of Concurrency   5.2 Mutual Exclusion: Hardware Support   5.3 Semaphores   5.4 Monitors   5.5 Message Passing   5.6 Readers/Writers Problem   5.7 Summary   5.8 Recommended Reading   5.9 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems Chapter 6 Concurrency: Deadlock and Starvation   6.1 Principles of Deadlock   6.2 Deadlock Prevention   6.3 Deadlock Avoidance   6.4 Deadlock Detection   6.5 An Integrated Deadlock Strategy   6.6 Dining Philosophers Problem   6.7 UNIX Concurrency Mechanisms   6.8 Linux Kernel Concurrency Mechanisms   6.9 Solaris Thread Synchronization Primitives   6.10 Windows Vista Concurrency Mechanisms   6.11 Summary   6.12 Recommended Reading   6.13 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems Chapter 7 Memory Management   7.1 Memory Management Requirements   7.2 Memory Partitioning   7.3 Paging   7.4 Segmentation   7.5 Security Issues   7.6 Summary   7.7 Recommended Reading   7.8 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems   Appendix 7A Loading and Linking Chapter 8 Virtual Memory 328Chapter 9 Uniprocessor Scheduling 386Chapter 10 Multiprocessor and Real-Time Scheduling Chapter 11 I/O Management and Disk Scheduling Chapter 12 File Management Glossary References

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：From the processor's point of view, the action for input is as follows. Theprocessor issues a READ command. It then saves the context （e. g., programcounter and processor registers） of the current program and goes off and doessomething else （e. g., the processor may be working on several different programs atthe same time）. At the end of each instruction cycle, the processor checks for inter-rupts （Figure 1.7）. When the interrupt from the I/O module occurs, the processorsaves the context of the program it is currently executing and begins to execute aninterrupt-handling program that processes the interrupt. In this case, the processorreads the word of data from the I/O module and stores it in memory. It then restoresthe context of the program that had issued the I/O command （or some other program）and resumes execution.Figure 1.19b shows the use of interrupt-driven I/O for reading in a block ofdata. Interrupt-driven I/O is more efficient than programmed I/O because it elimi-nates needless waiting. However, interrupt-driven I/O still consumes a lot of proces-sor time, because every word of data that goes from memory to I/O module or fromI/O module to memory must pass through the processor.Almost invariably, there will be multiple I/O modules in a computer system, somechanisms are needed to enable the processor to determine which device causedthe interrupt and to decide, in the case of multiple interrupts, which one to handlefirst. In some systems, there are multiple interrupt lines, so that each I/O module sig-nals on a different line. Each line will have a different priority. Alternatively, therecan be a single interrupt line, but additional lines are used to hold a device addressAgain, different devices are assigned different priorities.

編輯推薦

《操作系統(tǒng):精髓與設(shè)計(jì)原理(第6版)(英文版)》是暢銷書作者William stallirigs的力作，其第四版曾獲得美國(guó)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與工程類教材大獎(jiǎng)?！恫僮飨到y(tǒng):精髓與設(shè)計(jì)原理(第6版)(英文版)》清晰、完整地講解了現(xiàn)代操作系統(tǒng)的概念、結(jié)構(gòu)和機(jī)制。這個(gè)新版本進(jìn)行了完整的更新，以反映行業(yè)的最新進(jìn)展。作者全面分析了操作系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的高級(jí)目標(biāo)和挑戰(zhàn)，然后在每個(gè)主要領(lǐng)域給出了權(quán)威的講解：線程、并發(fā)性、內(nèi)存管理、虛擬內(nèi)存、處理器調(diào)度、輸入／輸出管理以及文件管理等。對(duì)每個(gè)領(lǐng)域，都用現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的例子進(jìn)行了演示，從而強(qiáng)化了這些討論。這些例子基于Windows Vista、LINIX、Unux以及其他同時(shí)期的操作系統(tǒng)。不管是研究人員還是專業(yè)讀者，《操作系統(tǒng):精髓與設(shè)計(jì)原理(第6版)(英文版)》都是理想的讀物。全書講解清晰、結(jié)構(gòu)合理，并包含大量的教學(xué)支持材料，包括數(shù)百個(gè)經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)構(gòu)思的實(shí)踐性問(wèn)題。主要特點(diǎn)為了使復(fù)雜的概念更清晰、更易理解，集成了新的動(dòng)畫項(xiàng)目支持，包括兩個(gè)手工編程項(xiàng)目、研究項(xiàng)目、閱讀／撰寫報(bào)告任務(wù)以及寫作任務(wù)配套網(wǎng)站W(wǎng)illiarT]Stalli rlgs．COlTI／OS／OS6e．html上的大量Web內(nèi)容支持豐富的關(guān)鍵字／縮略詞清單、推薦讀物、詞匯表等涵蓋內(nèi)容大量的Wirldows例子，針對(duì)Wirldows Vista系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了全面更新擴(kuò)充并優(yōu)化了并發(fā)性的內(nèi)容全面講解進(jìn)程控制、線程、SMP和微內(nèi)核對(duì)單處理器、多處理器和實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)度進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)探討全面介紹如何管理內(nèi)存、I／O、磁盤和文件

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