硬幣上的美國(guó)五十州

內(nèi)容概要

　　《硬幣上的美國(guó)五十州》以中英文對(duì)照的形式，對(duì)美國(guó)50州紀(jì)念幣的每個(gè)故事作了解說(shuō)。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

編者：(美國(guó))李保榮

章節(jié)摘錄

新罕布什爾紀(jì)念幣是美國(guó)50州紀(jì)念幣序列中的第九枚，上面鐫刻著該州一處非常奇特的自然景觀——蒼山老人。圖上還刻著州訓(xùn)“不自由，毋寧死”，左邊九顆星意指新罕布什爾是初始13州中第九個(gè)批準(zhǔn)聯(lián)邦憲法的州。“蒼山老人”是坎農(nóng)山上一處奇特的巖石構(gòu)成，位于通往新罕布什爾州北部的弗蘭克尼亞峽谷。如果觀看的角度恰當(dāng)，這一由五層紅色康威花崗巖組成的奇特景觀很像一位飽經(jīng)滄桑的老人正凝視著東方。地質(zhì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為這些化崗巖層次紋路的形成是兩千至一萬(wàn)年前的冰川時(shí)代后期，覆蓋弗蘭克尼亞山脈的冰層溶化滑動(dòng)的結(jié)果。這一奇特的巖石構(gòu)成的原本高度為40英尺，寬度為25英尺?？墒?，2003年初的巖石碎裂改變了一切。為新罕布什爾紀(jì)念幣的設(shè)計(jì)，州長(zhǎng)珍妮？沙欣成立了州紀(jì)念幣委員會(huì)，代表成員包括文化事務(wù)部官員、藝術(shù)教育家、錢(qián)幣專(zhuān)家、歷史學(xué)家、參議員、眾議員和本州公民。該委員會(huì)組織了全州公民紀(jì)念幣設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)思方案競(jìng)賽，并建立了專(zhuān)門(mén)網(wǎng)站播放評(píng)選過(guò)程及其他與這一項(xiàng)目有關(guān)的信息。最后紀(jì)念幣委員會(huì)將“蒼山老人”這一方案上報(bào)聯(lián)邦財(cái)務(wù)部長(zhǎng)，并獲批準(zhǔn)。The Virginia quarter, the tenth coin released under the 50 State Quarters~~~~ Program, honorsJamestown, Virginia, our nation's first permanent English settlement. Jamestown turns 400years old in 2007. The selected design features the three ships, Susan Constant, Godspeed,and Discovery. These ships brought the first English settlers to Jamestown.On April 10, 1606, King James I of England chartered the Virginia Company to encouragecolonization in the New World. The first expedition, consisting of the three ships depicted onthe quarter, embarked from London on December 20, 1606. On May 12, 1607, they landedon a small island along the James River nearly 60 miles from the mouth of the ChesapeakeBay. It was here the original settlers（104 men and boys） established the first permanentEnglish settlement called Jamestown, in honor of King James I.The selection of the design for Virginia' s new quarter began when Governor James Gilmore selected State Treasurer Susan F. Dewey to ser, as liaison to the United States Mint forthe 50 State Quarters~~~~ Program. Ideas were solicited from colleges, universities, museums,and state agencies. Public comment was overwhelming, with thousands of responses received.Representatives from the Library of Virginia, the Department of Historic Resources, theVirginia Tourism Corporation and the Department of General Services assisted the StateTreasurer in selecting design concepts for the Virginia quarter. The citizens of Virginia wereencouraged to provide their comments. Governor Gilmore then forwarded his final designconcept recommendation, the Jamestown Quadricentennial, to the Secretary of the Treasurywho gave final approval.Treasury Secretary Rubin provided details on the design selection process to all 50 governorson January 9, 1998. The U.S. Mint announced on March 11, 2003 the revised process asfollows.Stage 1 The United States Mint will initiate the formal state design process by contacting the state governor approximately 24 months prior to the beginning of the year in which the state will be honored. The governor, or such other state officials or group as the state may designate, will appoint an individual to serve as the state's liaison to the United States Mint for this program.Stage 2 The state will conduct a concept selection process as determined by the state. The state will provide to the United States Mint at least three, but no more than five, different concepts or themes emblematic of the state; eah concept or theme will be in narrative format. The narrative must explain why the concept is emblematic of the state and what the concept represents to the state's citizens. A narrative that merely describes a particular design is not acceptable.Stage 3 Based on the arratives, the United States Mint will produce original artwork of the concepts, focusing on aesthetic beauty, historical accuracy, appropriateness and coinability. If the state has not provided at least three concepts, the United States Mint may produce additional concepts for the state.Stage 4 The United States Mint will contact the state to collaborate on the artwork. The state will appoint an historian, or other responsible officials or experts, to participate in this collaboration to ensure historical accuracy and proper state representation of the artwork. The United States Mint will refine the artwork before forwarding it to the advisory bodies.Stage 5 The Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee and the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts will review the candidate designs and make recommendations, and the United States Mint may make changes to address such recommendations.

后記

在美學(xué)習(xí)工作多年后第一次回國(guó)，受到同學(xué)、朋友和親屬的熱情接待。感動(dòng)之余想給每位送一件禮物；送什么？甚愁！冥思苦想良久，想起了自己正在收集的美國(guó)50州紀(jì)念幣。50枚形狀相同、材質(zhì)相同、圖案各異、故事萬(wàn)千的硬幣，鑲嵌在莊重、高雅的集幣冊(cè)里。多么理想的禮品！這套紀(jì)念幣集知識(shí)性、教育性和藝術(shù)性于一體，文字精練，內(nèi)容豐富，具有極高的收藏價(jià)值。它的發(fā)行理所當(dāng)然地引起錢(qián)幣收藏家的極大興趣。本書(shū)說(shuō)許多收藏愛(ài)好者對(duì)此翹首以盼絕非夸張。

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