石油工程專業(yè)英語教程

前言

　　本教程為石油工程專業(yè)英語教材，全書內容分為三大部分：第一部分為石油工程專業(yè)英語基礎，內容涵蓋了油氣組成及其性質、石油地質、石油勘探原理、鉆井與完井工程、采油工程；第二部分為現代石油工程應用技術專題，內容涵蓋了定向鉆井技術、復雜結構井應用基礎、分支井技術、MWD／LWD和地質導向技術應用、人工舉升技術、地層出砂與防砂原理、常用增產措施原理、控水采油技術原理、油藏模擬；第三部分為泛讀材料，涉及專項應用技術和石油工程新興前沿技術，內容涵蓋鉆井液技術、固井水泥漿技術、試井技術、欠平衡與控制壓力鉆井技術、膨脹管技術、套管鉆井技術、智能完井技術、連續(xù)油管及其應用、系列EOR技術?！　∮⒆g漢翻譯練習精選了課文中較少系統(tǒng)涉及的相關石油工程常識基礎，附錄為英文釋義基礎專業(yè)術語。相比于已有教材，本教程系統(tǒng)性較好、專業(yè)技術涵蓋面廣，在注重石油工程專業(yè)基本知識的基礎上，突出了工程應用技術，廣泛涉獵了當今石油工程前沿技術，旨在通過本教程的學習強化相關石油工程英文科技文獻的閱讀能力，奠定輕松應用英文網絡資源、從容應對國際學術交流和石油工程國際合作的專業(yè)英語基礎，進而具備一定的英文科技寫作能力?！　”窘坛炭勺鳛橄嚓P專業(yè)本科和研究生石油工程專業(yè)英語閱讀教材，也可供油田現場石油工程專業(yè)技術人員培訓、學習時參考。

內容概要

本書在內容選題和編排上較好地結合了石油工程專業(yè)英語的教學要求和技術發(fā)展，在注重石油工程專業(yè)基礎知識的基礎上，突出了工程應用技術，廣泛涉獵了當今石油工程前沿技術。書中的翻譯練習精選了課文里較少系統(tǒng)涉及的相關石油工程常識基礎，附錄中給出了英文釋義的基礎專業(yè)術語。通過本教程的學習，能強化石油工程專業(yè)人員的英文科技文獻閱讀能力?！　”緯晒┫嚓P專業(yè)本科、研究生進行石油工程專業(yè)英語閱讀學習，也可供油田現場石油工程技術人員培訓、學習時參考。

書籍目錄

Part A Petroleum Engineering Fundamentals　1-1 Petroleum　1-2 Geology of Petroleum　1-3 Exploration　1-4 Well Drilling & Cgmpletion　1-5 ProductionPart B Advanced Technology in Petroleum Engineering　2-1 Directional Drilling　2-2 Horizontal,Multilateral,and Multibranch Wells in Petroleum Product Engineering　2-3 Multilateral Technology　2-4 MWD,LWD and Geosteering　2-5 Artificial-Lift Systems　2-6 Sand Stabilization and Exclusion　2-7 Conventional Well Stimulation　2-8 Water Control　2-9 Reservoir SimulationPart C Extensive Reading Material in Petroleum Engineering　3-1 Drilling Fluids　3-2 Well Cementing　3-3 Underbalanced Drilling and Managed Pressure Drilling　3-4 Expandable Tubular Technology　3-5 Drilling with Casing (DWC)　3-6 Intelligent Well completions　3-7 CT Technology　3-8 EOR Technology　3-9 Well TestingTranslation ExercisesAppendix:Petroleum Engineering Terminology FundamentalsReferences

章節(jié)摘錄

　　The unique issues associated with ERD wells largely stem from the high inclination of thewell that is required to reach the objective departures. Tangent" sail" angles in some ERD wellshave been 80度or higher. "Average" angles from surface to TD have been 70度or higher. Some ERDwells have in fact been drilled as extremely long horizontal wells where the bulk of the well hasbeen drilled horizontally （defmed as an inclination of 88度or more）.　　At such high inclinations， the transport of cuttings from the well is more difficult than invertical wells. As a result, higher flow rates, tighter control of drilling-fluid rbeology, and the useof non-conventional mechanical means to assist hole cleaning must he used. Such mechanicalmeans might include high drillstring rotation （off-bottom） or the use of special, bladed drillpipeto stir cuttings beds mechanically. High rotary speeds and backreaming help clean the hole butcan increase drilling shock&and cause fatigue or backoff of motor housings. Therefore, suchpractices should be viewed as secondary hole-cleaning methods and used only if primary holecleaning is inadequate. A common method of removing cuttings beds is the use of low-viscositysweeps that scour the cuttings off the low side of the hole; high-viscosity sweeps are then madethat carry the dislodged cuttings to the surface. The fundamental driver of hole cleaning,however, is flow rate, and high flow rates are strongly recommended throughout high-inclinationsections if ERD allows. For this reason, the rig s pump and piping capacities with regard to flowrate, pressure, and the drillstring design are critical.　　Other implications of high inclination include the greater likelihood of mechanical wellboreinstability and hence the need for careful mud-weight planning. Since more formation is exposedfor longer periods, chemical stability also becomes more critical.　　Aside from hydraulics and formation stability, another potential ERD constraint is the abilityto sustain drilling torque and run tubular in the well. Both of these processes are impacted byoptimizing the　well　trajectory　and　field　control　of　variations　from　this　directionalplan. Additionally, the trajectory should be designed to minimize the induced torque during drillingand to maximize the available weight while casing is run. Satisfaction of these objectives variesdepending on the TVD and departure of the target and the frictional behaviors of the various holesections and the location of those sections. One observation from several studies, however, is thatmultiple build rates should be used to initiate inclination into the well gradually. Increasing thebuild rates in several steps minimizes near-surface dog-legs and the associated torque and drag.　　The final tangent angle and shape of the trajectory through the reservoir can be determined onthe basis of several considerations. If the well design is close to the limit of wireline interventioncapabilities（65度to 70度） ,it may be best to keep the KOP high and limit the inclination so thatwireline operations are feasible. If the well angle is more severe and the inclination will alreadyexceed wireline operating limits, it may be appropriate to slightly deepen the KOP to increaseformation stability and allow a more gradual build section. In such cases, although a higher finalinclination angle will result, the higher inclination may in fact be optimal since it inhibits bucklingof the ddllstring and coiled tubing, which could be critical controlling factors in severe ERD wells.

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