相空間中的量子光學(xué)

前言

During the winter semester of 1992／93 I taught for the first time the course Quan.rum Optics I at the University of Ulm，which was followed by part II in the summer semester of 1993.When I offered the course a second time the University was kind enough to financially support two diplom students，Erwin Mayr and Daniel Krahmer，who had already taken this class in the previous year to transform my hand.written notes and sketches of drawings into a legible form.Erwin and Daniel have done atremendous job.Since then I have taught this course many times and collected more and more material which was included into this manuscript by other graduate stu-dents of the Abteilung.It has served many generations of students at the University of U1m as a first introduction to the field of quantum optics.During one of his many visits to Ulm，Michael Poulson，a close friend from the VCH-Wiley publishing house saw the manuscript on my desk.“1 want to pub.1ish these notes”was his immediate reaction.Michael had complete faith that this manuscript would eventually be turned into a publishable book.He wanted the material to be expanded to include problems，experiments and an exhaustive list ofreferences.The goal was to convert the existing manuscript of about 150 pages into a book of about 250 pages.His trust in me was so great that he started advertising Quantum Optics in Phase Space before we had even signed a contract.I believe thepresent result satisfies the criteria Michael had put forward with one exception-thenumber of pages.At Christmas of 1996 we finally signed a contract and Michael was extremelyrelieved.I still remember his words“now I have finally succeeded in signing you upfor the book”.A week later his untimely death during Christmas vacation added anew meaning to this selltence and a purposeful dimension to his faith and expectation；1 was determined more than ever to deliver what I had promised.Eventually Erwin and Daniel graduated and their new professional life did notallow them to devote more time to continue the project.Since that fateful Christmasof 1996，many students have helped me transform my class notes into various sectionsof the book continuing the work that Erwin and Daniel had begun.Stephan Menegh.1nl took over and for several years he was instrumental in typing the manuscript.Butalso he graduated during the course of the project.In the final phase of the bookhis role was taken over by Florian Haug.I am enormously grateful to all of them fortheir assistance.What started out with 200 pages at Erwin and Daniel’s departureeventually expanded and reached its present 700 page size.Similarly，the field of quantum optics has expanded enormously over the last 10years.

內(nèi)容概要

　　Niels Bohr 曾經(jīng)說過，“如果量子力學(xué)沒有讓你感到困惑，那么你就沒有真正理解量子力學(xué)”。這話同樣適用于量子光學(xué)?！　”緯鴱南嗫臻g的角度，用基于半經(jīng)典的方法來理解量子光學(xué)這一快速發(fā)展的領(lǐng)域。它首先介紹令人驚奇的結(jié)果，然后給出清晰的解釋。本書非常詳細(xì)地介紹了第一個(gè)光學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，此項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致量子光學(xué)成為一個(gè)龐大的研究領(lǐng)域。它試圖用力學(xué)振子之于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)波，類似的方法解釋物質(zhì)和波的糾纏。書中從量子光學(xué)的角度，對(duì)經(jīng)典光學(xué)的一些實(shí)驗(yàn)予以新的詮釋；對(duì)原子間的相互作用也進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)討論。為方便閱讀，本書提供了上百頁的相關(guān)數(shù)學(xué)背景知識(shí)。每章結(jié)尾，給出一些具有挑戰(zhàn)性的問題?！　”緯鴮?duì)于從事量子光學(xué)研究的研究者，具有很高的參考價(jià)值。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

作者：（德國(guó)）施萊希（Wolfgang P.Schleich）

書籍目錄

1 What's Quantum Optics?2 Ante3 Wigner Function4 Quantum States in Phase Space5 Waves a la WKB6 WKB and Berry Phase7 Interference in Phase space8 Applications of Interference in Phase Space9 Wave Packet Dynamics10 Fidld Quantization11 Field States12 Phase Space Functions13 Optical Interferometry14 Atom-Field Interaction15 Jaynes-Cummings-Paul Model: Dynamics16 State Prepartion and Entanglement17 Paul Trap18 Damping and Amplification19 Atom Optics in Quantized Light Fields20 Wigner Funcations in Atom OpticsIndex

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：What iS quantum optics？This is a rather personal question.A well-known scientistin this field once gave the following authoritative answer：“Whatever I do definesquantum optics”O(jiān)n a more objective basis one iS tempted to define this branch of physics by the pun：“Quantum optics is that branch of optics where the quantumfeatures of light matter.”Which discovery in physics marks the birthday of quantum optics？Many phe-nomena come to our mind.Is it the discovery of the quantum，the development ofQED，or the maser／laser？0r iS it none of the above？In this chapter we answer this question in a back handed wav by summarizingsome path breaking experiments that define quantum optics.Admittedly this listiS not complete and chosen in a rather subjective way.The rapidly moving fieldof quantam optics demonstrares most clearly that even after 100 years of quantumphysics there iS still a lot to be learned from Ptanck’S original discovery1.1 On the Road to Quantum OpticsMore than hundred years ago M.Planck was struggling with the experimental data ofblack body radiation obtained at the Physikalisch.Technische Reichsanstalt in Berlinbv H.Rubens and F.Kurlbaum.  From todays point of view these experimentslook rather academic.  However.they were motivated bv industrial applications.Indeed，standards had to be developed in order to describe light bulbs.This needtriggered one of the most important problems in the physics of the 20th century：Classical electromagnetic theory cannot explain the measured black body spectrum.In a desperate but courageous attempt Planck postulated that the oscillators inthe Walls of the cavity can only absorb and emit radiation in discrete units.This revolutionary idea of discreteness rather than a continuum provided the celebrated radiation formula and Was the starting point of quantum mechanics.Nowadays we associate the quantization with the field rather than with the me-chanical oscillators in the wall.However.wave and matrix mechanics were first developed for massive particles and then，later，transferred to the electromagneticfield leading to quantized electrodynamics.The field of quantum electrodynamics.QED.which deals with the interaction of quantized matter with quantized electromagnetic fields started with P.A.M.Dirac.

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