油品應(yīng)用工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)

出版時(shí)間:2010-1  出版社:中國(guó)石化出版社  作者:陳波水 等編  頁(yè)數(shù):202  

前言

  如果說(shuō)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)主要是為了借鑒國(guó)外先進(jìn)科技知識(shí),為我國(guó)的現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)服務(wù),那么閱讀國(guó)外專(zhuān)業(yè)科技文獻(xiàn)則是達(dá)到此目的的最重要、最現(xiàn)實(shí)的手段。不少人有這樣一種錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí):只要能讀懂英文報(bào)刊、小說(shuō),閱讀專(zhuān)業(yè)科技書(shū)刊就不成問(wèn)題。實(shí)際上,英文科技書(shū)刊有許多與英文報(bào)刊、小說(shuō)不同的特點(diǎn),仍需要我們?nèi)W(xué)習(xí)和掌握。比如,專(zhuān)業(yè)科技書(shū)刊就其語(yǔ)言來(lái)說(shuō)被動(dòng)句多、長(zhǎng)句多、專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯多等。為了幫助油品應(yīng)用工程專(zhuān)業(yè)的本科生和相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)的工程技術(shù)人員學(xué)習(xí)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ),我們編寫(xiě)了此書(shū)?! 〗滩氖墙虒W(xué)的基本要素之一。本書(shū)旨在為油品應(yīng)用工程專(zhuān)業(yè)的專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)提供一本比較系統(tǒng)的教學(xué)用書(shū)。書(shū)中課文和閱讀材料均選自英關(guān)原版書(shū)刊,語(yǔ)言地道,所涉及的專(zhuān)業(yè)內(nèi)容既照顧系統(tǒng)性,也考慮了先進(jìn)性。通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)本教材,可以對(duì)油品應(yīng)用工程專(zhuān)業(yè)有一個(gè)相對(duì)全面的了解,包括專(zhuān)業(yè)內(nèi)容、專(zhuān)業(yè)動(dòng)態(tài)和文章題材等。  本書(shū)課文主要用于課堂教學(xué),閱讀材料和練習(xí)主要用于課后閱讀和作業(yè)。教師可根據(jù)具體情況,有選擇地安排教學(xué)。本書(shū)雖經(jīng)多次補(bǔ)充和完善,但限于編者水平,不足之處在所難免,懇請(qǐng)廣大師生和讀者批評(píng)指正?! ”緯?shū)編寫(xiě)過(guò)程中始終得到后勤工程學(xué)院油品應(yīng)用工程教研室熊云教授的關(guān)懷和幫助。后勤工程學(xué)院王蒙、馮靜、林詩(shī)帆、肖璐薇、姚代勇、孫璐等同志參與部分內(nèi)容編寫(xiě)和修校,在此一并表示感謝。

內(nèi)容概要

本書(shū)是在精選國(guó)外專(zhuān)業(yè)文獻(xiàn)基礎(chǔ)上編寫(xiě)而成的。全書(shū)共20課,每課由課文、詞匯表、課文注釋、練習(xí)和閱讀材料組成。課文和閱讀材料的知識(shí)模塊主要包括新能源、石油開(kāi)采與煉制、燃料、潤(rùn)滑油、潤(rùn)滑脂、油品添加劑、固體潤(rùn)滑劑、石油化學(xué)品、燃燒學(xué)、摩擦學(xué),基本囊括了油品應(yīng)用工程專(zhuān)業(yè)的專(zhuān)業(yè)內(nèi)容。    本書(shū)適于具有大學(xué)英語(yǔ)水平的讀者學(xué)習(xí)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ),可作為高等院校油品應(yīng)用工程專(zhuān)業(yè)的專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)教材,亦可供其他相近專(zhuān)業(yè)選用,還可作為有關(guān)工程技術(shù)人員的參考書(shū)。

書(shū)籍目錄

Lesson 1 EnergyLesson 2 PetroleumLesson 3 Origin of PetroleumLesson 4 Petroleum ProductionLesson 5 Petroleum RefiningLesson 6 GasolineLesson 7 KeroseneLesson 8 Diesel fuelLesson 9 Lubricating OilLesson 10 Automotive OilLesson 11 Lubricating GreaseLesson 12 Solid LubricantLesson 13 AsphaltLesson 14 PetrochemicalsLesson 15 Petroleum AdditivesLesson 16 Combustion of FuelsLesson 17 ViscosityLesson 18 Friction and WearLesson 19 LubricationLesson 20 TribologyAppendix I Petroleum GlossaryAppendix Ⅱ Organizations AbbreviationsAppendix Ⅲ Answer Keys

章節(jié)摘錄

  Generally, with catenation comes the loss of the total amount of bonded hydrocarbons and anincrease in the amount of energy required for bond cleavage due to strain exerted upon the m01e-cule; in molecules such as cyclohexane, this is referred to as ring strain, and 0ccurs due to thedestabilized spatial electron configuration of the atom.  In simple chemistry, as per valence bond theory, the carbon atom must follow the 4-hydrogenrule, which states that the maximum number of atoms available to bond with carbon is equal to thenumber of electrons that are attracted into the outer shell of carbon. In terms of shells, carbon con-sists of an incomplete outer shell, which comprises 4 electrons, and thus has 4 electrons availablefor covalent bonding.  Hydrocarbons are one of the Earths most important energy resources. Hydrocarbons are cur-rently the main source of the world s electric energy and heat sources because of the energy pro-duced when burnt. Often this energy is used directly as heat such as in home heaters, which use ei-ther oil or natural gas. The hydrocarbon is burnt and the heat is used to heat water, which is thencirculated. A similar principle is used to create electric energy in power plants. Hydrocarbons areburnt and the energy released in this way is used to turn water into steam, which is used to turn aturbine that generates energy.  In an ideal reaction, the waste would be only water and carbon dioxide, but because the coalis not pure or clean there are often many toxic byproducts such as mercury and arsenic. Also, in-complete combustion causes the production of carbon monoxide (CO) which is toxic to humans dueto its tendency to bind to hemoglobin molecules in the bloodstream. Once bound, CO does not allowoxygen to be carried by hemoglobin and can result in hypoxia. Incomplete combustion also has a by-product of carbon in the form of soot.

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