壓抑的自我.異化的人生-多麗斯.萊辛非洲小說研究

前言

　　2007年，多麗斯·萊辛（1919-）榮膺諾貝爾文學獎，評委會對萊辛及其作品的評價是“她用懷疑、熱情、構想的力量來審視一個分裂的文明，其作品如同一部女性經(jīng)驗的史詩”。萊辛于1919年出生在伊朗，1924年隨父母遷居非洲南羅得西亞（今稱津巴布韋），結過兩次婚，育有三個孩子，1949年帶著最小的孩子回英國倫敦定居。萊辛是一位多產(chǎn)、勤奮的作家，創(chuàng)作了50多部文學作品。文學樣式有小說、短篇小說、非小說類作品（在萊辛作品中指諸如《追尋英國人》這樣的非虛構作品）、詩歌、自傳和戲劇。作品多以女性為主體，涉及的題材廣泛，幾乎涵蓋了人類生活的方方面面：個人和集體之間微妙復雜的關系、非洲殖民地生活、青少年的困惑和無奈、中年婦女的精神崩潰、老年婦女的孤獨、第二次世界大戰(zhàn)、戰(zhàn)后頹敗的倫敦、共產(chǎn)主義活動、核武器等問題。可以說。讀者，特別是女性讀者，都可以在她的作品中看到自己的精神世界：困惑、不安、沖動和希望。

內容概要

　　《壓抑的自我，異化的人生：多麗斯·萊辛非洲小說研究》在后殖民主義、女性主義、心理學、敘事學等理論火照下，緊扣“個人和集體關系”的主題，全而系統(tǒng)地分析了2007年文學諾爾獎獲得者英國小說家多麗斯，萊辛關于非洲的六部小說和一一部短篇小說集，主要揭示了辛筆下的英屬非洲殖民地土的人生異化問題：在這個世界里，一方面人們習慣于按照種族、民族、性別、政治信仰、年齡等劃分人群和各種事物，自覺或不自覺地屈從十各種內化了的集體身份；另一方面人們卻又渴望體現(xiàn)主體性的自我。人們備受外部世界和內部世界不可調和的沖突的煎熬，感到與他人、社會疏離，最終人性扭曲，過著雙重人格的生活。

書籍目錄

Introduction　Doris Lessing and Her African Fiction0.1　Reaching Lessing0.2　The Relationship between the Individual and the Collective0.3　Understanding Lessings African Fiction0.4　Pursuit in Lessings Africa0.5　Literary Reviews on Lessings African Fiction0.6　The Theme and Brief Introduction to the OrganizationChapter 1　The （s）Self and the （o）Other1.1　The Theme and the Theoretical Framework1.2　Selfhood1.3　The self1.4　Historical Demarcation of the Self and the Other1.5　Difference and the Other1.6　Lacans Concept of the Other and the other1.7　The Other in Light of Postcolonialism1.8　Woman and the OtherChapter 2　The Natives and the Land as the Other， the Whites as the Bewildered Keepers of the White Mythology2.1　The Self and the Other in Colonial Africa2.2　Demonizing the Other， Destroying the self2.2.1　Moses Look， Marys Uneasiness2.2.2　Crippled Life of Stereotyped White Women2.3 Increasing Haunting Fear and Homelessness of the Average White People2.4 White Liberals Fragmentation2.5 Nature and "Ecological Imperialism".2.6 The Revenge of the Bush2.6.1　House， Settler Women and the Bush2.6.2　Menacing the House， Imprisoning Settler Women2.7 The Resistance of the Land2.7.1　Slatter， an "Automaton" of Colonialism2.7.2　Disillusioned Romantic FarmersChapter3　Minority Groups as the Other， Irreconcilable Conflicts within the Whites3.1　Minority Groups within the Whites3.2　Piled-up Grievances between the British and the Afrikaners3.2.1　Frail Friendship between the Quests and the Van Rensbergs3.2.2　White Skin， Native Life3.3 Martha and Jews， Victims of Anti-Semitism3.3.1　Corrupted Friendship with the Cohen Boys3.3.2　Distorted Love Affair with Adolph3.3.3　Martha and Thomas， the Permanent Exile3.4 The BitterAlienation of "the Sports Club Crowd".3.4.1　Receiving Typical English Education and Growing up in Africa3.4.2　Reducing Themselves to the Other in Ethics and Marriage3.5 The Inevitable Frustration of the Communist GroupChapter 4　Women， the Hopeless Otherin ColonialAfriea4.1　kessing and Feminism4.2　Poor， Lonely and Depressed Housewives on Remote Farms4.3　Exiled Eves on the Veld： "Normal" Daily Life， Abnormal Emotional Life4.4　The Other among Housewives on Farm4.5　Martha， a Townswoman with Distorted Subjectivity4.5.1　Adolescent Rebellion4.5.2　Inevitable Alienation Resulting from Romantic Love and Marriage4.6　Mrs.Van， a Townswoman Leading a Double Life4.7　No Enunciation Position for Native Women4.7.1　In the Eyes of White Female Settlers4.7.2　In the Eyes of White Men4.7.3　In the Eyes of Native MenChapter 5　Narrative Methods5.1　The Theme and Narrative Methods5.2　Omniscient Third Person Narration5.3　Epigraph5.4　From the Point of View of a Child or an Adolescent5.5　Dialectical Method5.5.1　Dialectical Method and the Theme5.5.2　Marstons Dialectical Roles5.5.3　Dialectical Method and the White and the Native RelationshipConclusionWorks Cited

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Lessing sets many of her stories in Southern Rhodesia （now Zimbabwe），a place she calls Zambesia in Children of voilence sequence， so a basic knowledgeof Southern Rhodesia is a prerequisite for understanding her African writings.Southern Rhodesia is located between two rivers the Zambezi River andthe Limpopo： the former in the north separates it from Zambia （formerlyNorthern Rhodesia）; the latter serves as its southern border from SouthAfrica. Known as central Africa， it is to the northeast of the state of Botswanaand to the west of Mozambique. The northern and southern Rhodesia wasnamed in 1895 after the British entrepreneur Cecil John Rhodes in memoryof the great achievements Rhodes scored in establishing white settlementin the territory From then till 1923， Rhodes and the British South AfricaCompany were empowered to run the count. In 1923， Rhodesia officiallybecame a Crown Colona self-governing company. Ruled by the British，it was different from its neighbour， South Africa， and its governmentmaintained its difference from the latter. It dreaded to be incorporatedinto the latter， which was ruled by Afrikaners， and this partly caused greatantagonism between the colony and the Afrikaner country. Meanwhile， thecolony needed South Africa rather than England to support its apartheidpolicy for “from the forties onward it became increasingly clear that Britainwould be less likely than South Africa to support perpetual domination of thecountrys blacks， a strategy regarded by the settlers as essential to their verysurvival.”（Bertelsen 30） This particular situation made English settlers in thecolony foster and harbour a complex feeling toward "home" and deepenedtheir sense of homelessness.

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