同聲傳譯中的推理與預(yù)期

內(nèi)容概要

　　本書首先從心理語言學(xué)的角度對(duì)同聲傳譯的研究進(jìn)行了解析，并得出了結(jié)論：同聲傳譯是一種獨(dú)特的極限認(rèn)知條件下的人類語言活動(dòng)，受制于短期的記憶。然后作者又從語義學(xué)和語用學(xué)角度分析了語篇各個(gè)層面的冗余信息的產(chǎn)生，并提出了“同傳的概率預(yù)期模型”?！锻晜髯g中的推理與預(yù)期》提供了一個(gè)全面、綜合、跨學(xué)科的方法來描述同傳的工作機(jī)制，用科學(xué)的方法對(duì)同聲傳譯以及同傳議員等相關(guān)議題進(jìn)行了詮釋。

作者簡介

G.V.切爾諾夫曾任俄羅斯駐聯(lián)合國的首席口譯員，1991年起任莫斯科國際口譯學(xué)院(MIIS)院長，1995年起任莫斯科國立語言學(xué)院口譯理論、歷史及實(shí)踐研究教授。

書籍目錄

Editors' critical foreword　Foreword　Abbreviations and symbolsCHAPTER 1 The psycholinguistic approach to SI research　1.SI and the linguistic theory of translation　2.The methodological basis of a psycholinguistic approach to SI　3.The object of SI psycholinguistic researchCHAPTER 2 Speed, memory and simultaneity: Speech processing under unusual constraints　4.Simultaneity in SI　5.Time constraints　6.Externally controlled pace of activity　7.Recited texts vs.improvised discourseCHAPTER 3 The semantic and pragmatic structure of discourse　8.Word meaning　9.Polysemy and synonymy in discourse　10.Componential analysis of meaning　11.Semantic agreement: A combinatory law of discourse　12.Semantic redundancy in discourse　13.Semantic redundancy in discourse: An exampleCHapTER 4 Semantic structure and objective semantic redundancy　14.The concept of sense　15.Theme of communication, object of an utterance, and foregrounding　16.The semantic structure of discourse and its basic components　17.Semantic structure as the object and product of SICHAPTER 5 Communicative context and subjective redundancy　18.Implicit sense and inference　19.Linguistic inference　20.Cognitive inference　21.Situational inference　22.Pragmatic inference　23.The communicative situation of simultaneous interpretation　24.Discourse equivalent　25.Interdependence of situation and semantic structure in inferencing　26.Situational factors in comprehension: An illustrationCHAPTER 6 A probability anticipation model for SI　27.The principle of anticipatory reflection of reality　28.Message development probability anticipation　29.Multilevel redundancy and probability anticilSation　30.Cumulative dynamic analysis (CDA) and the range of probability anticipation　31.Towards the internal programme for the TL utteranceCHAPTER 7 Theme and compression　32.The thematic (referential) component of discourse in SI　33.Redundancy in Spanish public speaking　34.Types of speech compression in SICHAPTER 8 Rheme and information density　35.Perception by information density peaks　36.Loss of information due to a missed rheme　37.Strong rheme, weak rheme, chain of referents　38.The dominant evaluative rheme in a political discourse　39.Rendering the evaluative component in SICHAPTER 9 Syntax and communicative word order　40.The internal programme for the TL utterance: Whole or broken?　41.Word order and communicative syntax　42.Syntactic complexity, logical sequence and working memory　43.Short and extended predicatesCHAPTER 10 SI and Anokhin's theory of activity　44.SI as a functional system　45.Probability anticipation as a multilevel mechanism　46.Self-monitoring or feedback　47.The efficiency of the SI communicative act and the SI invariantCHAPTER 11 Anticipation and Sh An experimentCHAPTER 12 ConclusionNotesReferencesTRANSCRIPTSAppendix A　Buenos Aires corpus - UN, 1978, Experiment in Remote InterpretingAppendix B　United Nations General Assembly sessionsAppendix C　Texts with two types of test items used as input in an SI probability anticipation experiment (Chernov 1978)Name indexSubject index

章節(jié)摘錄

　　In addition，the act of speaking requires US to make physiological pauses to breathe in enough air for phonation．One would be tempted to assume that a pause for breath in speech would coincide with either a syntactic or hesitation pause，or both．Fodor，Bever and Garrett（1 974）found that in fluent speech breathing tends to occur at syntactic boundaries；and that it does not coincide With hesitation pauses in non-fluent speech．The researchers explain these findings by the integration of respiration with sentence-planning， in a well-planned speech respiration patterns are also appropriately positioned．　　As Dejean le Ftal has shown，a prepared speech recited by a speaker at the rostrum is segmented quite differently from adfib or improvised defivery．In her French-to-German SI corpus，chunk length between pauses in the recited speech was usually seven words or more，rising to a maximum of 23 words，as compared to less than seven words and a maximum of nine in improvised speech．This created the impression of an abnormally high rate of speaking during recited speech when objectively there was no significant difference in delivery rates between reading and spontaneous speech as measured in wpm．

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