牛津計算語言學手冊

前言

　　Computational Linguistics is an interdisciplinary field concerned with the process-ing of language by computers. Since machine translation began to emerge somefifty years ago （see Martin Kays introduction below）， Computational Linguisticshas grown and developed exponentially. It has expanded theoretically through thedevelopment of computational and formal models of language. In the process it hasvastly increased the range and usefulness of its applications. At a time of continuingand vigorous growth the Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics providesa much-needed reference and guide. It aims to be of use to everyone interested inthe subject， including students wanting to familiarize themselves with its key areas，researchers in other areas in search of an appropriate model or method， and thosealreadyworking in the field who want to discover the latest developments in areasadjacent to their own.　　The Handbook is structured in three parts which reflect a natural progression fromtheory to applications.　　Part I introduces the fundamentals： it considers， from a computational perspective，the main areas of linguistics such as phonology， morphology， lexicography， syntax，semantics， discourse， pragmatics， and dialogue. It also looks at central issues in math-ematical linguistics such as formal grammars and languages， and complexity.　　Part II is devoted to the basic stages， tasks， methods， and resources in and requiredfor automatic language processing. It examines text segmentation， part-of-speechtagging， parsing， word-sense disambiguation， anaphora resolution， natural languagegeneration， speech recognition， text-to-speech synthesis， finite state technology，statistical methods， machine learning， lexical knowledge acquisition， evaluation， sub-languages， controlled languages， corpora， ontologies， and tree-adjoining grammars.　　Part III describes the main real-world applications based on ComputationalLinguistics techniques， including machine translation， information retrieval， infor-mation extraction， question answering， text summarization， term extraction， textdata mining， natural language interfaces， spoken dialogue systems， multimodal/multimedia systems， computer-aided language learning， and multilinguai on-linelanguage processing.

內(nèi)容概要

本書是一部手冊性的計算語言學專著，收錄了包括語言學家、計算機專家和語言工程人員在內(nèi)的50位學者撰寫的綜述性文章，全面地反映了國外計算語言學主要領(lǐng)域的最新成果，是我們了解國外計算語言學發(fā)展動向的一個窗口。     全書各章寫作風格一致，內(nèi)容協(xié)調(diào)，渾然一體，使用有趣的實例來介紹艱深的技術(shù)問題，而且盡量不使用繁難的數(shù)學公式，尤其適合文科背景的讀者閱讀。對于那些對計算語言學感興趣和剛?cè)腴T的讀者而言，本書也是一本必備的參考書。

書籍目錄

Preface Abbreviations Introduction PART I FUNDAMENTALS   1.Phonology  2.Morphology  3.Lexicography  4, Syntax  5.Semantics  6.Discourse  7.Pragmatics and Dialogue  8.Formal Grammars and Languages  9.ComplexityPART II PROCESSES, METHODS, AND RESOURCES   1O.Text Segmentation  11.Part-of-Speech Tagging  12.Parsing  13.Word-Sense Disambiguation  14.Anaphora Resolution  15.Natural Language Generation  16.Speech Recognition  17.Text-to-Speech Synthesis  18.Finite-State Technology  19.Statistical Methods  20.Machine Learning  21.Lexical Knowledge Acquisition  22.Evaluation  23.Sublanguages and Controlled Languages  24.Corpus Linguistics  25.Ontologies  26.Tree-Adjoining GrammarsPART III APPLICATIONSNotes on ContributorsGlossaryIndex of AuthorsSubject Index

章節(jié)摘錄

　　If morphophonological processes in a language are few and local the lemma lexi-con approach can still be successful. In our example it suffices to assume two pluralendings: -s and -es. For all base forms it must be specified whether the former or thelatter of the two endings may be attached.A part from the obvious limitations with regard to the treatment of morphopho-nological rules on a more general scale the approach has some other inherent restric-tions:The algorithm is geared towards analysis. For generation purposes, one needs acompletely different algorithm and data.Interpretation algorithms are language specific because they encode both thebasic concatenation algorithm and the specific exception-handling mechanism.The approach was developed for morphosyntactic analysis. An extension tohandle more generally the segmenting of word forms into morphs is difficult toachieve.

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