沉思錄

內(nèi)容概要

《沉思錄》，古羅馬唯一一位哲學(xué)家皇帝馬可·奧勒留所著，這本自己與自己的十二卷對話，內(nèi)容大部分是他在鞍馬勞頓中所寫，是斯多葛派哲學(xué)（斯多亞哲學(xué)）的一個里程碑。《沉思錄》來自于作者對身羈宮廷的自身和自己所處混亂世界的感受，追求一種擺脫了激情和欲望、冷靜而達觀的生活。馬可·奧勒留在書中闡述了靈魂與死亡的關(guān)系，解析了個人的德行、個人的解脫以及個人對社會的責(zé)任，要求常常自省以達到內(nèi)心的平靜，要摒棄一切無用和瑣屑的思想、正直地思考。而且，不僅要思考善、思考光明磊落的事情，還要付諸行動。

作者簡介

作者：(古羅馬)奧勒留(Marcus Aurelius) 譯者：(英國)朗(Long.G.)
作者馬可·奧勒留（121－180），著名的“帝王哲學(xué)家”，擁有凱撒稱號（Imperator
Caesar）的他是羅馬帝國五賢帝時代最后一個皇帝，于161年至180年在位。馬可·奧勒留是羅馬帝國最偉大的皇帝之一。他不但是一個很有智慧的君主，同時也是一個很有造就的思想家，有以希臘文寫成的著作《沉思錄》傳世。更值得一提的是，雖然他向往和平，卻具有非凡的軍事領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才干。

章節(jié)摘錄

　　[ 13 ] When we have meat before us and such eatables,we receive the impression, that this is the dead body of afish, and this is the dead body of a bird or a pig; andagain, that this Falernian is only a little grape juice, andthis purple robe some sheeps wool dyed with the bloodof a shell-fish; such then are these impressions, and theyreach the things themselves and penetrate them, and sowe see what kind of things they are. Just in the same wayought we to act all through life, and where there arethings which appear most worthy of our approbation, weought to lay them bare and look at their worthlessnessand strip them of all the words by which they are exalted.For outward show is a wonderful perverter of the reason,and when thou art most sure that thou art employedabout things worth thy pains, it is then that it cheats theemost. Consider then what Crates says of Xenocrateshimself.　　[ 14 ] Most of the things which the multitude admireare referred to objects of the most general kind, thosewhich are held together by cohesion or natural organiza- tion, such as stones, wood, fig-trees, vines, olives. But those which are admired by men, who are a little more reasonable, are referred to the things which are held to- gether by a living principle, as flocks, herds. Those which are admired by men who are still more instructed are the things which are held together by a rational soul, not however a universal soul, but rational so far as it is a soul skilled in some art, or expert in some other way, or simply rational so far as it possesses a number of slaves.

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