經(jīng)濟學

內(nèi)容概要

本書是當代經(jīng)濟學泰斗、1970年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟學獎得主薩繆爾森的不朽經(jīng)濟學著作，自1948年問世以來就廣受贊譽，先后被翻譯成40多種文字出版，是有史以來發(fā)行量最大、至今在全球范圍內(nèi)仍然被廣泛采用的經(jīng)濟學教科書。第18版為2005年修訂的最新版，在經(jīng)歷了前17版的積累和沉淀之后，無論在內(nèi)容還是在形式上都已經(jīng)近乎完美，而且在融入了時代變革的元素和新的案例和數(shù)據(jù)之后，《經(jīng)濟學》
（第18版）可謂是更上一層樓。
本書分7編共34章，包括微觀經(jīng)濟學和宏觀經(jīng)濟學兩大部分。在保持“把注意力始終放在經(jīng)濟學的基本概念和核心理論”這一風格的前提下，對金融經(jīng)濟學、網(wǎng)絡經(jīng)濟學、環(huán)境經(jīng)濟學，以及全球化背景下的國際經(jīng)濟與貿(mào)易做了重點論述或重寫，對前沿的實踐及理論成果，對國際化外包、股息稅改革、品牌價值以及行為經(jīng)濟學等也給出了最新的介紹。
為了方便和豐富想通過閱讀英文原著學習和研究經(jīng)濟學的讀者的需求，特推出《經(jīng)濟學》第18版的雙語典藏版。該雙語典藏版在保留原英文版100%內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，有選擇地對知識重點、專業(yè)難點、語法難點、專業(yè)術(shù)語、標題與目錄以及較生僻的字詞做了翻譯和注釋。
本書適合于高等院校經(jīng)濟學專業(yè)、財經(jīng)類專業(yè)本科生及教師，MPA、MBA、EMBA、IMBA學員及教師，理論研究者，政府工作人員及企事業(yè)管理者學習和研究之用。

作者簡介

保羅
?薩繆爾森，畢業(yè)于芝加哥大學和哈佛大學，是麻省理工學院經(jīng)濟學研究生部的創(chuàng)始人。他的許多著作使得他在年輕時就贏得了世界聲譽。他是美國第一個諾貝爾經(jīng)濟學獎得主（1970年）。薩繆爾森教授曾長期為美國《新聞周刊》的經(jīng)濟學欄目撰稿，曾擔任美國總統(tǒng)約翰?肯尼迪的經(jīng)濟顧問，屬于那種能夠同普通民眾進行交流和溝通的為數(shù)極少的科學家之一。薩繆爾森常出席國會聽證，并擔任聯(lián)邦儲備、財政部、許多私人機構(gòu)和非營利機構(gòu)的咨詢顧問。除了在麻省理工學院做研究工作和經(jīng)常打網(wǎng)球之外，薩繆爾森教授還是紐約大學的客座教授。他的6個孩子（包括一次三胞胎）為薩繆爾森家族衍續(xù)了15個子孫。
威廉
?諾德豪斯，美國杰出的經(jīng)濟學家之一，出生于新墨西哥州的愛伯克奇。本科就讀于耶魯大學，經(jīng)濟學博士學位是在麻省理工學院獲得的?，F(xiàn)任耶魯大學惠特尼?格里斯伍爾德經(jīng)濟學教授和考爾斯經(jīng)濟學研究基金會理事。諾德豪斯的經(jīng)濟學研究范圍很廣，包括環(huán)境、價格、能源、技術(shù)變革、經(jīng)濟增長、利潤和生產(chǎn)率的增長趨勢。此外，諾德豪斯還對經(jīng)濟政策很感興趣。他在1977
~
1979年間是卡特總統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟顧問班子成員，曾在美國政府各種顧問理事會和委員會中任職，不時給《紐約時報》和其他報刊撰文，在耶魯大學主講經(jīng)濟學原理課程。諾德豪斯教授與他的妻子芭芭拉居住在康涅狄格州的紐黑文市，他還有一條長著金黃色毛的愛犬潘多拉。夫婦倆有共同的愛好：音樂、遠足、旅游和滑雪。

書籍目錄

Preface
Economics and the
Internet
PART ONE BASIC CONCEPTS
Chapter 1 The Fundamentals of
Economics
Appendix 1 How to Read
Graphs
Chapter 2 Markets and Government in a
Modern Economy
Chapter 3 Basic Elements of Supply and
Demand
PART TWO MICROECONOMICS: SUPPLY, DEMAND, AND PRODUCT
MARKETS
Chapter 4 Applications of Supply and
Demand
Chapter 5 Demand and Consumer
Behavior
Appendix 5 Geometrical Analysis of Consumer
Equilibrium
Chapter 6 Production and Business
Organization
Chapter 7 Analysis of
Costs
Appendix 7 Production, Cost Theory, and Decisions
of the Firm
Chapter 8 Analysis of Perfectly Competitive
Markets
Chapter 9 Imperfect Competition and
Monopoly
Chapter 10 Oligopoly and Monopolistic
Competition
Chapter 11 Uncertainty and Game
Theory
PART THREE FACTOR MARKETS: LABOR, LAND, AND
CAPITAL
Chapter 12 How Markets Determine
Incomes
Chapter 13 The Labor
Market
Chapter 14 Land and
Capital
Appendix 14 Markets and Economic
Efficiency
PART FOUR APPLIED MICROECONOMICS:
INTERNATIONAL TRADE, GOVERNMENT, AND THE
ENVIRONMENT
Chapter 15 Comparative Advantage and
Protectionism
Chapter 16 Government Taxation and
Expenditure
Chapter 17 Promoting More Efficient
Markets
Chapter 18 Protecting the
Environment
Chapter 19 Efficiency vs. Equality: The Big
Tradeoff
PART FIVE MACROECONOMICS: ECONOMIC GROWTH AND BUSINESS
CYCLES
Chapter 20 Overview of
Macroeconomics
Appendix 20 Macroeconomic Data for the United
States
Chapter 21 Measuring Economic
Activity
Chapter 22 Consumption and
Investment
Chapter 23 Business Fluctuations and the Theory
of Aggregate Demand
Chapter 24 The Multiplier
Model
Chapter 25 Financial Markets and the Special Case
of Money
Chapter 26 Central Banking and Monetary
Policy
PART SIX GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND THE
GLOBAL ECONOMY
Chapter 27 The Process of Economic
Growth
Chapter 28 The Challenge of Economic
Development
Chapter 29 Exchange Rates and the International
Financial System
Chapter 30 Open-Economy
Macroeconomics
PART SEVEN UNEMPLOYMENT, INFLATION, AND ECONOMIC
POLICY
Chapter 31 Unemployment and the Foundations of
Aggregate Supply
Chapter 32 Ensuring Price
Stability
Chapter 33 The Warring Schools of
Macroeconomics
Chapter 34 Policies for Growth and
Stability
Glossary of Terms
Index
前 言
經(jīng)濟學與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
第一編 基本概念
第1章 經(jīng)濟學基礎(chǔ)知識
第1章附錄 如何看圖
第2章 現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟中的市場與政府
第3章 供給與需求的基本原理
第二編 微觀經(jīng)濟學：供給、需求和產(chǎn)品市場
第4章 供給和需求的應用
第5章 需求和消費者行為
第5章附錄 消費均衡的幾何分析
第6章 生產(chǎn)和企業(yè)組織
第7章 成本分析
第7章附錄 生產(chǎn)、成本理論和企業(yè)決策
第8章 完全競爭市場分析
第9章 不完全競爭及其極端形式——壟斷
第10章 寡頭和壟斷競爭
第11章 不確定性和博弈論
第三編 要素市場：勞動、土地和資本
第12章 市場如何決定收入
第13章 勞動市場
第14章 土地和資本
第14章附錄 市場和經(jīng)濟效率
第四編 應用微觀經(jīng)濟學：國際貿(mào)易、政府和環(huán)境
第15章 比較優(yōu)勢和貿(mào)易保護主義
第16章 政府稅收和支出
第17章 促進市場更富效率
第18章 環(huán)境保護
第19章 效率與公平：重大權(quán)衡
第五編 宏觀經(jīng)濟學：經(jīng)濟增長與商業(yè)周期
第20章 宏觀經(jīng)濟學概述
第20章附錄 宏觀經(jīng)濟數(shù)據(jù)
第21章 經(jīng)濟活動的衡量
第22章 消費與投資
第23章 商業(yè)周期波動和總需求理論
第24章 乘數(shù)模型
第25章 金融市場和貨幣的特殊形態(tài)
第26章 中央銀行與貨幣政策
第六編 經(jīng)濟增長、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與全球經(jīng)濟
第27章 經(jīng)濟增長的進程
第28章 經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的挑戰(zhàn)
第29章 匯率與國際金融體系
第30章 開放經(jīng)濟的宏觀經(jīng)濟學
第七編 失業(yè)、通貨膨脹與經(jīng)濟政策
第31章 失業(yè)與總供給的基礎(chǔ)
第32章 保持價格穩(wěn)定
第33章 宏觀經(jīng)濟學流派及其論戰(zhàn) 
第34章 經(jīng)濟增長與經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定的政策
專業(yè)術(shù)語表
索 引

章節(jié)摘錄

　　不完全競爭　　Imperfect Competition　　One serious deviation from an efficient marketcomes from imperfect com，petition or monopoly elements.Whereas under perfect competition no firm or consumer can affect prices， imperfect competition occurs when a buyer or seller can affect a good's price.For example， if the telephone company or a laborunion is large enough to influence the price ofphone service or labor， respectively， some degree ofimperfect competition has set in. When imperfect competition arises， society may move inside its PPF. This would occur， for example， if a single seller （a monopolist） raised the price to earn extra profits. The output of that good would be reduced below the most efficient level， and the efficiency of the economy would thereby suffer. In such a situation， the invisible-hand property of markets may be violated.　　What is the effect of imperfect competition？ Imperfect competition leads to prices that rise above cost and to consumer purchases that are reduced below efficient levels. The pattern of too high price and too low output is the hallmark of the inefficiencies associated with imperfect competition.　　In reality， almost all industries possess some measure of imperfect competition. Airlines， for example， may have no competition on some of their routes but face several rivals on others. The extreme case of imperfect competition is the monopolist-a single supplier who alone determines the price of a particular good or service. For example， Microsoft has been a monopolist in the production of Windows operating systems.　　Over the last century， most governments have taken steps to curb the most extreme forms of imperfect competition. Governments sometimes regulate the price and profits of monopolies such as local water， telephone， and electric utilities. In addition， government antitrust laws prohibit actions such as price fixing and agreeing to divide up markets. The most important check to imperfect competition， however， is the opening of markets to competitors， whether they be domestic or foreign. Few monopolies can long withstand the attack of competitors unless governments protect them through tariffs or regulations.　　外部性　　Externalities　　A second type of inefficiency arises when there are spillovers or externalities， which involve involuntary imposition of costs or benefits. Market transactions involve voluntary exchange in which people exchange goods or services for money. When a firm buys a chicken to make frozen drumsticks， it buys the chicken from its owner in the chicken market， and the seller receives the full value of the hen. When you buy a haircut， the barber receives the full value for time， skills， and rent.　　But many interactions take place outside markets. While airports produce a lot of noise， they generally do not compensate the people living around the airport for disturbing their peace. On the other hand， some companies which spend heavily on research and development have positive spillover effects for the rest of society. For example， researchers at AT&T invented the transistor and launched the electronic revolution， but AT&T's profits increased by only a small fraction of the global social gains. In each case， an activity has helped or hurt people outside the marketplace; that is， there was an economic transaction without an economic payment.　　Externalities （or spillover effects） occur when firms or people impose costs or benefits on others outside the marketplace.　　Governments are generally more concerned with negative externalities than positive ones. As our society has become more densely populated and as the production of energy， chemicals， and other materials increases， negative externalities or spillover effects have grown from little nuisances into major threats. This is where governments come in. Government regulations are designed to control externalities like air and water pollution， damage from strip mining， hazardous wastes， unsafe drugs and foods， and radioactive materials.　　In many ways， governments are like parents， always saying no: Thou shalt not expose thy workers to dangerous conditions. Thou shalt not pour out poisonous smoke from thy factory chimney. Thou shalt not sell mind-altering drugs. Thou shalt not　 wearing thy seat belt. And so forth. Finding the correct balance between free markets and government regulation is a difficult task that requires careful analysis of the costs and benefits of each approach. But few people today would argue for returning to the unregulated economic jungle where firms would be allowed to dump pollutants like plutonium wherever they wanted.　　公共品　　Public Goods　　While negative externalities like pollution or global warming command most of the headlines， positive externalities may well be economically more significant. Important examples of positive externalities are construction of a highway network， operation of a national weather service， support of basic science， and provision of measures to enhance public health. These are not goods which can be bought and sold in markets. Adequate private production of these public goods will not occur because the benefits are so widely dispersed across the population that no single firm or consumer has an economic incentive to provide the service and capture the returns.　　The polar case of a positive externality is a public good. Public goods are commodities which can be enjoyed by everyone and from which no one can be excluded. A classic example of a public good is the military. When a nation goes to war—to root out terrorists， to look for weapons of mass destruction， to grab land or oil， or to stir up patriotic sentiments—all must pay the piper and all will suffer the consequences， whether they want to or not.　　Because private provision of public goods is generally insufficient， the government must step in to encourage the production of public goods. In buying public goods like national defense or lighthouses， the government is behaving exactly like any other large spender. By casting sufficient dollar votes in certain directions， it causes resources to flow there. Once the dollar votes are cast， the market mechanism then takes over and channels resources to firmsso that the lighthouses or tanks get produced.　　……

編輯推薦

　　“It is difficult to exaggerate the world-wide impact of Mr. Samuelson’s　Economics.”　　——The Economist　　　　“半個多世紀以來，在美國乃至全世界的課堂上，我們這本教科書都已經(jīng)成為經(jīng)濟學入門教學的典范。每一新的版本，都要從最杰出的經(jīng)濟學家那里提取有關(guān)市場如何運行、社會如何提高人民生活水平等課題的思想精華。然而，自1948年本書第1版問世以來，經(jīng)濟學的確已經(jīng)發(fā)生了深刻的變化。并且因為經(jīng)濟學原本就是一個活生生的不斷豐富和發(fā)展的有機整體，這本書的每一次再版都是一次新生。而每經(jīng)歷一次新生，作者都能借此令人興奮的契機，來展示現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟學家最前沿的思想，來闡釋經(jīng)濟學如何促進世界更加繁榮?！M管如此，這些較多的變化仍然沒有改變《經(jīng)濟學》自第1版以來一貫的風格：簡潔的文句、清晰的解釋和精練的圖表?！薄　　_繆爾森，諾德豪斯

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