面向?qū)ο笙到y(tǒng)分析與設(shè)計

內(nèi)容概要

本書分三大部分：I.介紹系統(tǒng)分析與設(shè)計，進而討論系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)過程，包括可行性分析，需求確定活動，面向?qū)ο蠓椒▽W及面向?qū)ο竽Ｐ?；II.討論物理設(shè)計及其實現(xiàn)，包括輸出設(shè)計，輸入設(shè)計，文件與數(shù)據(jù)庫設(shè)計，軟件的構(gòu)造及測試概念，最后涉及技術(shù)與組織行為的關(guān)系；III.各種相輔相成的專題介紹，這些專題起著對前兩部分內(nèi)容的補充作用，或可作為系統(tǒng)分析和設(shè)計的工具，其內(nèi)容都很重要。本書強調(diào)實用性，是作者多年教學經(jīng)驗的總結(jié)，盡量少用學生難于接受的概念及理論，而以豐富的實踐經(jīng)驗材料來充實內(nèi)容，因而更適用作大學生學習信息系統(tǒng)開發(fā)或軟件工程的教材，也可作研究生學習的參考資料。

作者簡介

作者簡介
RONALDJ.NORMAN
作者是圣地亞哥州立大學從事信息與決策系統(tǒng)方面的教授。
1987年在阿利桑那大學以“管理信息系統(tǒng)及組織行為”方面
獲博士學信。已有25年以上的工業(yè)信息管理系統(tǒng)方面的經(jīng)驗
包括軟件開發(fā)，顧問咨詢及管理等。出版著作頗豐。在國際
學術(shù)交流活動中較為活躍。

書籍目錄

PREFACE XIX                   Part I Systems Analysis and Conceptual Design                    1. INTRODUCTION 1                   Chapter Objectives 1                    Systems Analysis and Design Has Many Other Names 2                    What is a System? 4                    What is an Information System? 5                    What is an Automated Information System? 7                    What are the Basic Characteristics of an Information System? 8                    What is Systems Analysis and Design ? 10                    What Makes Systems Analysis and Design such a Difficult Human Endeavor? 10                    Stakeholders of an Information System 12                    Systems Analysis and Design as a Career 13                    What does a Systems Analyst Responsible For? 14                    What is a Systems Analyst Responsible For? 14                    Systems Analysis and Design Skills and Activities 15                    General Model of Systems Analysis and Design 17                    The Detailed Activities of Analysis and Design 18                    Systems Analysis and Design Projects 21                    Where do Information Systems Analysis and Design Projects Come From? 22                    Information Systems Requirements Specification 23                    Information Systems Life Cycle and Information Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLG) 24                    Principles to Guide Information Systems Analysis and Design 26                    Summary 27                    Questions 27                    References 28                                       2. FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS AND REQUIREMENTS DETERMINATION 29                   Chapter Objectives 29                    Feasibility Analysis 30                    Feasibility Types, 30                    Requirements Determination 33                    Problem Domain 35                    Frameworks for Understanding and Doing Requirements Determination 37                    Requirements Determination sub－Activities,38 The Pieces Framework 38                    Kozarˊs Requirements Model 40                    Object－Oriented Requirements Determination Modeling Activities 44                    Methods Used to Gather an Information System's Requirements 45                    Feedback to the User,48 Requirements Ambiguity 49                    Summary 51                    Questions 52                    References 53                                       3. AN OBJECT-ORIENTED METHODOLOGY AND MODEL 55                   Chapter Objectives 55                    Methodologies 55                   The Traditional Methodology 56                    Structured Analysis and Design Methodology,56 Information Modeling Methodology 58                    Object-Oriented Methodology 59                    Key Characteristics of an Object-Oriented Methodology 60                    Two Classic Problems Resolved with Object-Oriented Analysis and Design 66                    Classification Theory 67                    Coad's Object-Oriented Methodology 68                    Coad's Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Methodology and Notation 68                    Coad's Object Model Components,72 An Object-Oriented Model 73                   Summary 82                    Questions 82                    References 83                                       4. OBJECTS AND CLASSES 86                   Chapter Objectives 86                    Objects and Classes 87                    Object and Class Rules and Guidelines 88                    Class Attributes and Services Defined 89                    Comment on Object-Oriented Problem Solving Strategy 91                    Finding Objects 92                    Wirfs-brock Noun Phrase Strategy 92                    Wirfs-brock CRC Strategy 94                   Conglomeration strategy 94                    the Video Store Example-finding Objects 96                    A Future Enhancements Strategy 98                    Summary 99                    Questions 100                    References 101                                       5. OBJECT RESPONSIBILITIES:ATTRIBUTES 102                   Chapter Objectives 102                    Attributes 103                    Determining Attributes 106                    Attribute Types 107                    Object-Oriented Methodology strategy for Different Attribute Types 109                    Object-oriented Strategy for Multivalue Attributes 110                    The Video Store Example-Identifying attributes 112                    Summary 113                    Questions 114                    References 115                                       6. OBJECT RESPONSIBILITIES:CLASS AND OBJECT CONNECTIONS 116                    Chapter Objectives 116                    "Who'I'Know"Responsibility of an Object 117                    Object Patterns 118                    Generalization-Specialization Pattern 118                    Generalization-Specialization Inheritance 125                    Pattern 128                    Heuristics for Finding Whole-Part Patterns 134                    Object Connection Patterns 136                    Video Store Example 144                    Summary 147                    Questions 147                    References 148                                       7. OBJECT RESPONSIBILITIES:SERVICES AND SCENARIOS 149                   Chapter Objectives 149                    "What I Do"Responsibility of an Object 150                    Business Objectives & Tactics, Information Systems Objectives and Tactics, and Policies and Procedures 150                    Types of Services 151                    Basic services 151                    Problem Domain Specific Services 154                   Finding and Identifying Services 159                    The Video Store Example-Identifying Services,161 Other Techniques for Identifying Services 162                    Service Details 164                    Techniques for Documenting and Describing Service Details 164                    Scenarios 165                    Structured English of Pseudocode 166                    Decision Tables and Decision Trees 168                    A Decision Table Example 171                    A Decision Tree Example 174                    State-Transition Diagrams 176                    The Video Store Example-Assigning Services to Classes and Message Connections 177                    Transition From Systems Analysis to Systems Analysis to Systems Design 180                    Summary 181                    Questions 182                    References 183                                       Part II Physical Design & Implementation                    8. SYSTEMS DESIGN 184                   Chapter Objectives 184                    Information Systems Design 185                    Historical Information Systems Design 185                    An Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Methodology 187                    Information Systems Design strategy Choices 187                    Object-Oriented Design 193                    Alternative Object-Oriented Information Systems Development Strategies 202                    Summary 203                    Questions 204                    References 205                                       9. OUTPUT DESIGN 206                   Chapter Objectives 206                    Output: High Quality, Usable Information 207                    Output types 209                    Internal, External, and Turnaround Outputs 209                    Static and Dynamic Outputs 211                    Output Devices and Media 212                    Output Formats 214                    Output: Report Types 214                    Output: Graphs 221                    Output: Internal Controls 225                    The Future of Output Design 227                    Summary 227                    Questions 228                    References 228                                       10. INPUT DESIGN 229                   Chapter Objectives 229                    Introduction 229                    The Many Facets of Input Data 231                    Data Validation and Verification 231                    Input Data Methods 232                   Input Devices 235                    General Guidelines for Inputing Data 235                    Graphical User Interface(GUI)design for Input 242                    Summary 247                    Questions 247                    References 248                                       11. FILE AND DATABASE DESIGN 249                   Chapter Objectives 249                    Files and Databases 250                    Data Structures 252                    Attribute Classifications 254                    File Types 258                    File Access and Organization 262                    Normalization 265                   Object-Oriented Database 279                    Evolution of Object-Oriented Database 279                    Characteristics of an Object-Oriented Data Model 280                    Strengths of an Object-Oriented Database 282                    Weaknesses of an Object-Oriented Database 284                    Summary 284                    Questions 285                    References 285                                       12. SOFTWARE CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING 286                   Chapter Objectives 286                    Introduction 286                    General Software Design Principles 288                    Software Construction Framework 291                    Object-Oriented software Construction Framework 293                    Software construction Strategies 293                    Cohesion and Coupling 295                    Object-oriented Cohesion and Coupling 299                    Software Testing 299                    Software Testing Strategies 300                    A Generic Software Testing                    Methodology 303                    Application and Code Generators 308                    Summary 308                    Questions 309                    References 309                                       13. IMPLEMENTATION 310                   Chapter Objectives 310                    Introduction 310                    Install: The First Phase of Implementation 311                    Activate: The Second Phase of Implementation 314                    Institutionalization: The Final Phase of Implementation 316                    Organizational (Planned) Change for Information Systems 318                    The stages of Organizational Change 319                    Action Research and Force Field Analysis 322                    Implementation Critical success Factors 325                    Summary 326                    Questions 326                    References 327                                       Part III Modules-Miscellaneous Systems Analysis and Design Topics                    A. IMFORMATION SYSTEMS PLANNING 329                   Module Objectives 329                    Introduction 329                    A Generic Information Systems Planning Methodology 331                    Why Engage in Information Systems Planning? 334                    Information Systems Planning Techniques and Methodologies 335                    Summary 335                    Questions 335                    References 336                                       B. PROTOTYPING 337                   Module Objectives 337                    Prototyping's Placement within a Systems Development Life Cycle 338                    Product versus Information Systems Prototyping Differences 338                    Prototyping Benefits 339                    Prototyping's Risk 340                    Prototyping Synonyms 341                    Enabling Technologies for Prototyping 342                    Does Prototyping Work? 343                    How to Initiate Prototyping 344                    Summary 345                    Questions 345                    References 345                                       C. COMPUTER-AIDED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING(CASE) 346                   Module Objectives 346                    Introduction 346                    CASE Architecture 347                    The Stages of CASE Usage 349                    The Benefits of CASE 349                    The Issues of CASE 349                    Summary 351                    Questions 351                    References 351                                       D. SOFTWARE PROCESS IMPROVEMENT 353                   Module Objectives 353                    Introduction 353                    Immature and Mature Systems Development Organizations 354                    The five Maturity Levels of the SEI Capability Maturity Model 355                    A Generic Systems Development Process Improvement Model 358                    The ISO 9000 Process Improvement Methodology 359                    Summary 359                    Questions 360                    References 360                                       E. THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE 361                   Module Objectives 361                    Introduction 361                    Software Development's Quadruple Constraint 363                    Information Technology Management Issues 364                    Systems development Risks 364                    Systems Analysis and Design versus Software Engineering 365                    A systems Development Architecture for the 1990s 366                    SDLC, Methodology, Technique, and Tool 369                    Summary 371                    Questions 371                    References 372                                       F. PROJECT MANAGEMENT 373                   Module Objectives 373                    Introduction 373                    Two Tools: PERT Network and Gantt Chart 375                    The PERT Network 376                    A PERT Network Example 377                    PERT Network Strengths and Weaknesses 381                    The Gantt Chart 383                    A Gantt Chart Example 384                    Summary 384                    Questions 385                    References 386                                       G. COMMUNICATION AND ELECTRONIC MEETINGS 387                   Module Objectives 387                    Communication within an Information Systems development Project 388                    Systems Development Project Communication Opportunities 389                    Problem Solving session Strategy 392                    Electronic Meetings to Support Group Work 393                    Summary 395                    Questions 395                    References 395                                       H. BUSINES PROCESS REENGINEERING 396                   Module Objectives 396                    Introduction 396                    Lessons Learned from Organizations that Have Done It 397                    The Core of Business Process Reengineering 398                    Business Process Reengineering is Organizational Change 399                    A Business Process Reengineering Strategy 399                    Summary 399                    Questions 400                    References 400                   GLOSSARY 401                   RECOMMENDED READING TO GET STARTED-AUGUST 1995 410                   BIBLIOGRAPHY-OBJECT-ORIENTED TECHNOLOGY 411                   INDEX 421

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