漢英翻譯與跨語(yǔ)認(rèn)知

前言

　　古歷乙丑端午節(jié)前夕，正當(dāng)“楊花繞江啼曉鷹”，敝人出席由上海交通大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院與中國(guó)高等教育出版集團(tuán)聯(lián)袂主辦的“詞典數(shù)字化與英語(yǔ)教育學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)”之際，華文發(fā)來(lái)電郵稱，他的新作《漢英翻譯與跨語(yǔ)認(rèn)知》業(yè)已付梓，將由南京大學(xué)出版社出版，并以序言見(jiàn)委。我不假思索，欣然應(yīng)命。我為本書(shū)作序，捉筆之先，即感思緒百端；臨到敲擊鍵盤(pán)之際，更覺(jué)千言萬(wàn)語(yǔ)涌向指端，這并非我的“文思泉涌”，而是所感者與欲言者都不是一樁簡(jiǎn)單浮淺之事。正因思緒太繁，文字反覺(jué)不濟(jì)。于是我決定：此序不一定像篇“序”，寫(xiě)成雜感隨想，也未嘗不可。以下便粗述我因本書(shū)而發(fā)生的一些漫想，來(lái)一個(gè)“試遣愚衷”?！　∪A文生于山東，長(zhǎng)期受齊魯文化的熏染，有丈夫氣概，亦不乏儒雅之風(fēng)。華文1992年考入南京大學(xué)攻讀碩士學(xué)位，專修雙語(yǔ)詞典學(xué)，畢業(yè)時(shí)即以題為《詞典作為文本的研究》的學(xué)位論文為人所注目，隨即留校任教，在從事日常的教學(xué)與科研工作的同時(shí)，博覽群書(shū)，勤于治學(xué)，筆耕不輟，成果迭出。后于2000至2004年在職攻讀翻譯學(xué)研究方向的博士學(xué)位，所撰《漢詩(shī)英譯的主體審美論》的博士學(xué)位論文公開(kāi)出版后，受到譯界學(xué)人的好評(píng)。華文平時(shí)話極少，只是靜靜地聽(tīng)席間他人海聊神侃；偶爾插話，亦訥訥言之，如絕句般地精短。他文在心中，不在嘴上。

內(nèi)容概要

　　《漢英翻譯與跨語(yǔ)認(rèn)知》的前九章主要集中在對(duì)漢英翻譯過(guò)程中語(yǔ)義和句法兩個(gè)層面的認(rèn)知轉(zhuǎn)化特征的研究和探討上。《漢英翻譯與跨語(yǔ)認(rèn)知》第十章也是最后一章將兼顧語(yǔ)義、句法和語(yǔ)用三個(gè)層面，通過(guò)考察包括形容詞和副詞這些修飾語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)義指向（semantic orientation）和句法位置（syntactic position）的跨語(yǔ)認(rèn)知調(diào)整，透視修飾語(yǔ)因這些調(diào)整所連帶的語(yǔ)用功能（pragmatic function）的變化。在漢英翻譯過(guò)程中，漢語(yǔ)原文為了表達(dá)細(xì)膩的語(yǔ)義內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)用目的，往往會(huì)將修飾語(yǔ)與被修飾的成分進(jìn)行句法錯(cuò)置，即將其放置在并非它所語(yǔ)義指向的被修飾語(yǔ)附近，從而造成了語(yǔ)義指向和句法位置的錯(cuò)位。而經(jīng)過(guò)漢英翻譯的認(rèn)知轉(zhuǎn)換之后常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)修飾語(yǔ)歸位的現(xiàn)象，即將修飾語(yǔ)回歸到它所語(yǔ)義指向的被修飾成分的位置。這種歸位的后果即是句法的跨語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換現(xiàn)象，同時(shí)也會(huì)影響語(yǔ)義內(nèi)容表達(dá)的細(xì)膩性以及原文語(yǔ)用目的在譯文中的實(shí)現(xiàn)。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

　　劉華文，1968年3月出生，山東嘉祥人。南京大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院副教授、翻譯學(xué)博士、碩士生導(dǎo)師，江蘇省翻譯協(xié)會(huì)理事。專著有《漢詩(shī)英譯的主體審美論》，在Meta、《中國(guó)翻譯》、《中國(guó)外語(yǔ)》、《翻譯學(xué)報(bào)》等學(xué)術(shù)期刊上發(fā)表論文二十余篇，譯著多部，曾任《新時(shí)代英漢大詞典》編委。研究方向有認(rèn)知與翻譯、基于翻譯的英漢對(duì)比語(yǔ)言學(xué)、翻譯的語(yǔ)言哲學(xué)研究、詩(shī)歌翻譯、雙語(yǔ)詞典學(xué)等。

書(shū)籍目錄

1 Introduction： co-refererice， inter-structure and re-conceptualization in C-E translation1.1 Introduction1.2 The co-referential relation in C-E translation1.3 Inter-structural relations between SL and TL1.4 Conceptual relations between SL and TL1.5 Conclusion2 Cognitive abilities in C-E translation2.1 Introduction2.2 Images-raw materials for cognitive event in translation2.3 Cognitive abilities in C-E translation2.3.1 Recuperation of scene2.3.2 Selective readjustment2.3.3 Perspective shifts2.3.4 Abstraction2.4 Summary： iconicity as the principle of mechanism for cognitive abilities3 Cognitive characteristics of re-categorization in C-E translation3.1 Re-categorization： a cognitive mechanism in translation3.2 The cognitive characteristics of re-categorization in C-E translation3.2.1 The confinedness in re-categorization3.2.2 The split-levelness in re-categorization3.2.3 The parasiticness of re-categorization3.2.4 The bi-directionalness in re-categorization3.3 Conclusion： translational cognitive re-categorization in the light of linguistic philosophy4 Semantic construction through space blending in C-E translation4.1 Introduction4.2 Space blending： a theoretical account4.2.1 Space blending theory4.2.2 Cold dish or cold plate?4.3 Frame， domain， space， script： parameters in cross-lingual space blending4.3.1 Frame： a parameter pertaining to the spatial proximity within a scene4.3.2 Domain： a parameter pertaining to the total knowledge involved and the interrelatedness of its constituents4.3.3 Script： a parameter pertaining to a temporally sequenced space4.3.4 Ease： a parameter against which a constituent in a frame， domain or script is profiled4.4 Conclusion5 Two levels of cross-lingual metonymic substitution in C-E translation5.1 Metonymy in cognitive perspective5.2 Types of metonymy5.3 Metaphor-metonymy relationship5.4 Metonymie approaches to C-E translation5.4.1 Low-level metonymy5.4.2 High-level metonymy5.4.3 Metaphtonymy5.5 Conclusion6 Re-lexicalization of motion-event in C-E translation6.1 Introduction： what is re-lexicalization?6.2 Re-lexicalization patterns in C-E translation： eventualization，event composition and event decomposition6.3 Principles in opting for re-lexicalization patterns ".6.4 Eventualization from verb-weak Chinese6.5 Re-lexicalization of motion event in C-E translation by composition and decomposition6.5.1 Motion + Co-Event 1t6.5.2 Conflation of cause Co-Event onto verb6.5.3 Conflation of path onto verb6.5.4 Conflation of figure ontoverb6.5.5 Conflation of result/effect onto verb6.5.6 Conflation of ground onto verb6.6 Translators two optional tendencies： verb framing and satellite framing6.7Conclusion： detection of semantic potentials for cross-linguistic lexicalization7 Re-matching of verb with construction in C-E translation7.1 Introduction： verb and construction7.2 Verb-construction links in C-E translation7.3 The re-matching of equivalent verb for SL with construction7.3.1 Full compatibility in verb-construction links7.3.2 Cognitive motivation for verb-construction integration7.3.3 The main consequence of verb-construction re-matching in C-E translation： a semantic shift7.4 Conclusion8 Inter-constructional correlations in C-E translation8.1 Introduction8.1.1 Theoretical prerequisites8.1.2 Tentative observations8.2 Constructional productivity in C-E translation8.2.1 Difference in the degree of constructional productivity between Chinese and English8.2.2 Productivity of English constructions in C-E translation8.3 Inter-constructional correlations by metonymic inheritance in C-E translation8.3.1 Sub-partial links in C-E translation8.3.2 Componential inheritance of predicative verb and argument role8.4 Inter-constructional correlations by metaphorical extension in C-E translation8.4.1 Full extension8.4.2 Argument role contribution8.4.3 Argument role annulment8.5 Inter-constructional transformation in C-E translation8.6 Conclusion9 Fictivity and factivity of event re-conceptualization inC-E translation9.1 Theoretical framework： factivity and fictivity of cognitive conceptualization9.2 Path specification and event re-conceptualization in C-E translation9.2.1 Orientation paths9.2.2 Radiation paths9.2.3 Shadow paths9.2.4 Sensory paths9.2.5 Pattern paths10 Semantic orientation，syntactic position and pragmatic function of modifier in C-E translationReferencesSubject indexChinese postscript

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Here, the lady with white hair actually appears in two temporallydifferent spaces: the current reality space and the mental space in 1929.The roles the white hair lady assumes are identical in the two spaces buthave different values filled.　The temporal space situated in 1929 isaccessed by the role it shares with the base space in reality.　　With emphases on different aspects of the cognitive structureof concepts, the cognitive linguists have assigned different namesto mental space. Then we have such names as frame, schema,script, global pattern, pseudo-text, cognitive model, experientialgestalt, base, scene, etc. （Croft and Cruse 2004:8）. This chaptercannot encompass them all into the research of the space blendingin C-E translation. Among them frame, domain, space, base, andscript are brought into the landscape. Frame stresses the spatialproximity within a scene. So in a RESTAURANT frame, we cansummon up into mind CUSTOMER, WAITER, ORDERING,EATING,　BILL.　These frame-related eoncepts have spatialimmediacy to each other. In comparison with frame, domain canincur the total sum of concepts pertaining to a domain or mutuallypertaining, no matter how far or near the concepts are spatiallyfrom each other. Even in the mapping of source domain onto targetdomain as occurs in the metaphorical conceptualization we can havetwo domains essentially unrelated.　By contrast, space attachesemphasis　onto　the　distinction　between　the　venues　whereconceptualization happens. Then it more often than not designatesthe mental space which is engendered by beliefs, wishes, andhypotheses. However, these mental spaces cannot come into beingindependently of the base space, which actually finds itself in thereal world despite the fact it still relies on the mental media. In thestudy of the space blending it is much intended to address theinteraction between the mental spaces and the base spaces.

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