傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)英文讀本（全二冊(cè)）

前言

每一種學(xué)術(shù)思想的發(fā)端都不是孤立于社會(huì)情境的，傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)也不例外，其學(xué)術(shù)發(fā)展與資本主義體系在全球范圍內(nèi)的建立、急劇擴(kuò)張以及與之相抗?fàn)幍纳鐣?huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展密切相關(guān)。同時(shí)，任何一個(gè)學(xué)科身份與地位的確立，除了其內(nèi)在學(xué)理與研究路徑的充實(shí)與豐富之外，更重要的推進(jìn)源泉還在于社會(huì)行動(dòng)與實(shí)踐力量的相互建構(gòu)，以及學(xué)術(shù)流派之間的對(duì)話與交鋒。莫斯可（Vincent Mosco）以商品化（commodification）、空間化（spatialization）和結(jié)構(gòu)化（structuration）切入傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析（Mosco，1996）；趙月枝把傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)對(duì)傳播與社會(huì)權(quán)力關(guān)系的分析模式解構(gòu)為四個(gè)相互關(guān)聯(lián)的主要組成部分，即提供語(yǔ)境（contextualizing）、圖繪（mapping）、衡量（measuring／evaluating）與干預(yù)（intervening）（趙月枝，2007a；趙月枝、邢國(guó)欣，2007）。這個(gè)讀本，因篇幅局限，難以囊括傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)范疇全部的認(rèn)識(shí)論、方法論與全球各地本土實(shí)踐的經(jīng)驗(yàn)成果，僅以傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)所主要關(guān)切的研究議題為核心，分別從該學(xué)派的歷史起源與理論基礎(chǔ)，方法思索與跨學(xué)科對(duì)話，廣告的權(quán)力與受眾商品的塑造，產(chǎn)權(quán)與盎格魯一美國(guó)語(yǔ)境下的控制，資本主義整合的全球、民族與本土動(dòng)力，轉(zhuǎn)型的場(chǎng)域、能動(dòng)性與進(jìn)程等六個(gè)方面建構(gòu)這個(gè)學(xué)派批判性的闡釋路徑。讀本的論文組織以英美為主，兼顧其他國(guó)家與地區(qū)，主流批判中涵蓋另類建設(shè)，突出對(duì)話，在傳播與政治經(jīng)濟(jì)相互關(guān)聯(lián)、作用的過(guò)程中關(guān)注多樣化的論題，并貫穿階級(jí)、社會(huì)性別、種族、國(guó)家與區(qū)域的研究視野。一、傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的馬克思主義學(xué)術(shù)指向自從資本主義產(chǎn)生的那一天起，資本主義在帶來(lái)社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力的飛速發(fā)展和社會(huì)財(cái)富的高度積聚的同時(shí)，也帶來(lái)了剝削、壓迫、不平等和血腥，包括殖民暴力、法西斯主義、20世紀(jì)的兩次世界大戰(zhàn)和對(duì)人類賴以生存的文化和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的侵蝕。因此，意識(shí)形態(tài)和資本主義制度的再生產(chǎn)、不平等的社會(huì)關(guān)系在社會(huì)文化領(lǐng)域的構(gòu)建和合法化、馬克思和恩格斯在《德意志意識(shí)形態(tài)》中所言的統(tǒng)治階級(jí)的思想是如何成為占統(tǒng)治地位的思想的問(wèn)題，包括丹?席勒（Dan Schiller）在《羅伯特?A?布萊第的遺產(chǎn)：傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的反法西斯起源》一文中所提到的社會(huì)文化傳播系統(tǒng)是如何把工人階級(jí)的革命直覺(jué)（revolutionary instincts）平復(fù)和淡化的問(wèn)題，就成了一個(gè)半世紀(jì)以來(lái)后馬克思學(xué)者們上下求索的問(wèn)題。這些學(xué)者不斷從各自社會(huì)情境的“當(dāng)代性”出發(fā)，討論馬克思理論的內(nèi)容指向和實(shí)踐品格。馬克思理論文本歷經(jīng)著不同國(guó)籍的學(xué)者解讀、詮釋與實(shí)踐，已在世界范圍內(nèi)形成了一個(gè)復(fù)雜的馬克思主義傳統(tǒng)。

內(nèi)容概要

讀本以傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)所主要關(guān)切的研究議題為核心，分別從該學(xué)派的歷史起源與理論基礎(chǔ)，方法思索與跨學(xué)科對(duì)話，廣告的權(quán)力與受眾商品的塑造，產(chǎn)權(quán)與盎格魯—美國(guó)語(yǔ)境下的控制，資本主義整合的全球、民族與本土動(dòng)力，轉(zhuǎn)型的場(chǎng)域、能動(dòng)性與進(jìn)程等六個(gè)方面建構(gòu)這個(gè)學(xué)派批判性的闡釋路徑。讀本的論文組織以英美為主，兼顧其他國(guó)家與地區(qū)，主流批判中涵蓋另類建設(shè)，突出對(duì)話，在傳播與政治經(jīng)濟(jì)相互關(guān)聯(lián)、作用的過(guò)程中關(guān)注多樣化的論題，并貫穿階級(jí)、社會(huì)性別、種族、國(guó)家與區(qū)域的研究視野。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

曹晉，復(fù)旦大學(xué)新聞學(xué)院副教授，國(guó)際出版研究中心副主任，教育部人文社會(huì)科學(xué)重點(diǎn)研究基地“信息與傳播研究中心”副研究員，“國(guó)家哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)創(chuàng)新基地新聞傳播與媒介化社會(huì)研究”副研究員，美國(guó)耶魯大學(xué)高級(jí)訪問(wèn)學(xué)者，致力于批判傳播理論與書(shū)刊出版研究。趙月枝，加拿大西蒙弗雷澤大學(xué)傳播學(xué)博士，曾任教于美國(guó)加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校傳播系，現(xiàn)為加拿大西蒙弗雷澤大學(xué)全球傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)加拿大國(guó)家研究教授，全球媒介監(jiān)測(cè)與分析實(shí)驗(yàn)室主任。

書(shū)籍目錄

序言 曹晉 趙月枝Part One: Historical Origins and Theoretical Foundations1. Theories of Communication and Theories of SocietyPeter GoldingGraham Murdock 2. The Legacy of Robert A. Brady: Antifascist Origins of the Political Economy of Communications Dan Schiller3. The Frankfurt School and the Political Economy of CommunicationsRonald V. Bettig 4. Communications: Blindspot of Western Marxism Dallas W. Smythe5. “Introduction” to Who Knows: Information in the Age of Fortune 500 Herbert I. Schiller 6. “Introduction” to I(xiàn)nformation and the Crisis EconomyHerbert I. Schiller 7. Reconstructing the Ruined Tower: Contemporary Communications and Questions of Class Graham Murdock 8. The Information Commodity: A Preliminary View Dan Schiller 9. The Political Economy Approach: A Critical ChallengeOscar H. Gandy, Jr. 10. Political Economy, Communication, and LaborVincent Mosco11. Political Economy, Power and New MediaRobin Mansell Part Two: Methodological Considerations and Disciplinary Dialogues 12. Abstracted EmpiricismC. Wright Mills13. Media Sociology: The Dominant Paradigm Todd Gitlin 14. The Rediscovery of “Ideology”: Return of the Repressed in Media StudiesStuart Hall 15. Rethinking Political Economy: Change and ContinuityEileen R. Meehan Vincent Mosco Janet Wasko 16. Not Yet the PostImperialist EraHerbert I. Schiller17. The Political Economy of Communication and the Future of the Field Robert W. McChesney Part Three: The Power of Advertising and the Making of the Audience Commodity18. Advertising at the Edge of the ApocalypseSut Jhally19. The Restructuring of the European Advertising IndustryArmand Mattelart20. Capitalism and Control of the Press James Curran 21. Advertising and the Content of a Democratic Press C. Edwin Baker22. Gendering the Commodity Audience: Critical Media Research, Feminism, and Political Economy Eileen R. Meehan23. Race, Ethnicity and the Segmentation of Media MarketsOscar H. Gandy, Jr.Part Four: Ownership and Control in the AngloAmerican Contexts: Capital, the State, and Other Social Forces24. The Process of Legitimation-Ⅱ Ralph Miliband25. A Propaganda Model Edward HermanNoam Chomsky26. Extending and Refining the Propaganda ModelColin Sparks27. Large Corporations and the Control of the Communications Industries Graham Murdock28. The Publishing Industry Mark Crispin Miller29. Speaking Volumes: The Book Publishing Oligopoly and Its Cultural ConsequencesLeah F. Binder30. Government Financial Support to the Film Industry in the United StatesThomas Guback31.The New Theology of the First Amendment: Class Privilege over DemocracyRobert W. McChesney 32. Copyright and the Commodification of CultureRonald V. Bettig 33. Stealth Regulation: Moral Meltdown and Political Radicalism at the Federal Communications CommissionAndrew Calabrese 34. Dynamics of Power in Contemporary Media PolicyMaking Des Freedman 35. Commercialism and Professionalism in the American News Media Daniel C. Hallin 36. The Hidden Side of Television Violence George Gerbner Part Five:International Perspectives: The Global, and National, and Local Dynamics of Capitalist Integration 37. The Context: Great Media Debate Kaarle Nordenstreng 38. The Processes: From Nationalisms to Transnationals Jésus MartínBarbero39. Communication and the Postcolonial NationState: A New Political Economic Research AgendaAmin Alhassan 40. Who Speaks for Asia: Media and Information Control in the Global Economy Gerald SussmanJohn A. Lent41. Global ProductionsGerald SussmanJohn A. Lent42. Political Economy and Ethnography: Transformations in an Indian Village Manjunath Pendakur43. A Contemporary “Denial of Access”: Knowledge, IPR and the Public Good Pradip Thomas Part Six: Sites, Agents and Processes of Transformation44. Rethinking Media and Democracy James Curran45. Cycles and Circuits of Struggle in High-Technology CapitalismNick Witheford46. For a Political Economy of Indymedia PracticeBob Hanke47. Global Commons, Public Space and Contemporary IPR Lawrence Liang48. Who Speaks for the Governed? World Summit on Information Society, Civil Society and the Limits of “Multistakeholderism”Paula Chakravartty 文獻(xiàn)出處出版后記

章節(jié)摘錄

Manufacturing InequalityThe process is not novel. Before the nineteenth century was two decades old, it was clearthat the established vocabulary of "ranks" and "estates" had been over-taken by events. Itwas altogether too rigid to catch capitalism's creative destruction of the old social order. Anew, more flexible, term was needed to describe the emerging pattern of economic divisions.That term was "class." But as John Stuart Mill noted in 1834, the classification of society into” landlords, capitalists and laborers" rapidly became as ossified and a historical as the feudal vision it had displaced. Too many commentators, he complained:... seem, to think of the distinction of society into those three classes as if it were one of God's ordinances not man's, and ... scarcely any one of them seems to have proposed to himself as a subject of inquiry, what changes the relations of those classes to one another are likely to undergo in the progress of society,（Quoted in Briggs, 1985: 3）. Of the various writers who took up the challenge of mapping shifts in class relations, Marx has been by far and away the most enduringly influential. Unfortunately, he diedconceptually intestate. Although he saw class as the axial principle of social division, and class struggle as the principle engine of historical change, he never provided a concise definition of what exactly he meant by a class. As he notes on the final page of the last, and unfinished, volume of his magnum opus, Capital, "What constitutes a class" is the obvious "first question to be answered" in any class analysis （Marx, 1863-7） but, tantalizingly, the manuscript breaks off a few lines later before he offers an answer. Looking across the range of his work, however, we can identify five basic dimensions to his analysis of class:? class structure? class formation? class culture? class consciousness, and? class action. Even his fiercest critics have tended to accept this list as a serviceable agenda for research and debate.

后記

在文森特?莫斯可（Vincent Mosco，1996）的《傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)：反思與更新》（ThePolitical Economy of Communication：Rethinking and Renewal）沒(méi)有出版之前，大部分中國(guó)學(xué)者對(duì)美國(guó)的主流傳播研究（以實(shí)證為基礎(chǔ)）的知識(shí)積累較為豐富。同時(shí)，對(duì)批判取向的研究，通常會(huì)意識(shí)到歐洲的批判學(xué)派的價(jià)值，但實(shí)際上，一旦展布傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)在北美的學(xué)術(shù)脈絡(luò)，我們就會(huì)領(lǐng)悟到美國(guó)實(shí)證研究之外的批判的足音，以及它是怎樣通過(guò)大學(xué)師徒傳承和學(xué)術(shù)社群連接的薪火力量，不僅彌補(bǔ)了主流研究之缺失，而且解構(gòu)了主流研究本身背后的知識(shí)生產(chǎn)與社會(huì)權(quán)力關(guān)系。毋庸置疑，20世紀(jì)后半期至今，傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)與文化研究在西方傳播學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域中頗有建樹(shù)，隨著西方學(xué)術(shù)理論的全球旅行進(jìn)程與翻譯出版業(yè)所促進(jìn)的知識(shí)的流動(dòng)性的日新月異，這兩個(gè)學(xué)派越來(lái)越為中國(guó)學(xué)者所了解與熟悉。由于國(guó)內(nèi)原版英文文獻(xiàn)相對(duì)缺少，對(duì)深入洞察學(xué)術(shù)流派的核心精神往往造成局限，因此，筆者在廣泛閱讀論著的基礎(chǔ)上，精心選取了48篇傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的專題論文，結(jié)集出版，以中文序言簡(jiǎn)要地勾勒并比較西方傳播研究的主要學(xué)術(shù)傳統(tǒng)，從學(xué)術(shù)淵源、研究取向、價(jià)值理念和方法及其主要研究學(xué)派之間的論戰(zhàn)等面向梳理批判傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的形貌。一路思來(lái)，編輯讀本的往事歷歷在目。兩位中外華人學(xué)者的合作可以說(shuō)是恰好折射了中國(guó)傳播學(xué)術(shù)走向國(guó)際化、開(kāi)放性和多元化的路徑。趙月枝20世紀(jì)80年代中期就出國(guó)留學(xué)，走的是以傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)為主要思想資源的批判學(xué)術(shù)路徑，先后在北美傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的重鎮(zhèn)美國(guó)加州大學(xué)圣迭戈分校和加拿大西蒙弗雷澤大學(xué)（Simon Fraser University）從事傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教學(xué)與研究。她目前所在的西蒙弗雷澤大學(xué)傳播學(xué)院，是當(dāng)年曾經(jīng)培育、熏染了四代傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人的學(xué)科鼻祖之一達(dá)拉斯?斯麥茲（Dallas Smythe）任職時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)、直到退休的學(xué)術(shù)驛站。在對(duì)這個(gè)學(xué)派素有積累的前提下，曹晉2003年在英國(guó)出版商協(xié)會(huì)訪問(wèn)期間得到部分珍貴的傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)英文文獻(xiàn)，對(duì)照中國(guó)大陸出版集團(tuán)化改革的調(diào)查結(jié)果，備加感覺(jué)傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)學(xué)理對(duì)闡釋中國(guó)出版業(yè)的豐富潛力，而2005年在耶魯大學(xué)精讀文森特?莫斯可教授的《傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)》英文版的欣喜、震撼與訪談耶魯大學(xué)出版社社長(zhǎng)John Donatich所獲悉的信息——美國(guó)高端權(quán)威學(xué)術(shù)出版機(jī)構(gòu)也難以對(duì)抗商業(yè)出版的壟斷趨勢(shì)，曹晉更加深切地意識(shí)到創(chuàng)新出版學(xué)科的研究與碩士課程的教學(xué)，離不開(kāi)傳播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)理論與方法。

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