水利工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)

前言

　　隨著國(guó)內(nèi)外經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)交流與合作的不斷加強(qiáng)，為更好地了解本專(zhuān)業(yè)的最新發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)，學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒國(guó)外先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，需要大量閱讀和翻譯英文科技文獻(xiàn)及資料，從而擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面，加強(qiáng)專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備。另外，要將國(guó)內(nèi)水利工程建設(shè)和管理的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)向國(guó)外推廣，也需要具備熟練的專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)。目前，我國(guó)水利類(lèi)科技人員、管理工作者、高校教師等，已具備了一定的基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)，然而如何將基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)、專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)與專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)很好地相結(jié)合，仍舊存在一定的困難。為此，本書(shū)就如何提高水利類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)的閱讀和翻譯能力，借鑒了大量中英文著作及資料，精心編排，以期通過(guò)本書(shū)的學(xué)習(xí)，幫助廣大學(xué)生和相關(guān)人員提高閱讀和翻譯專(zhuān)業(yè)科技英語(yǔ)文獻(xiàn)及資料的能力。要切實(shí)提高專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)的閱讀和翻譯能力，除需掌握基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的基本知識(shí)、基本詞匯和具有相當(dāng)廣泛的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)之外，還需熟悉專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯、短語(yǔ)及科技英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的句型、文體，掌握科技英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作及翻譯的基本技巧。本書(shū)由28篇課文、28篇閱讀材料和科技英語(yǔ)閱讀與寫(xiě)作組成。課文由正文、生詞（音標(biāo)、詞性、中文釋義）和詞組或短語(yǔ)（中文釋義）組成，其內(nèi)容涉及水資源及其可持續(xù)發(fā)展、水文循環(huán)、水污染、地下水、水法、水需求、灌溉排水、工程材料、襯砌工程、水力發(fā)電、水工建筑物、水輪機(jī)、水泵、工程施工、工程經(jīng)濟(jì)及招投標(biāo)、科技英語(yǔ)閱讀與寫(xiě)作等方面。本書(shū)取材廣泛，專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯豐富，適應(yīng)性和針對(duì)性強(qiáng)，能夠滿足高等院校水利水電工程、農(nóng)業(yè)水土工程、水文與水資源以及其他相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)的專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)需要和相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)的科技人員、工程技術(shù)人員和管理人員學(xué)習(xí)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)的要求。

內(nèi)容概要

本書(shū)緊扣水利工程相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)進(jìn)行選材，具有較強(qiáng)的專(zhuān)業(yè)性和實(shí)用性。全書(shū)由28篇課文、28篇閱讀材料和科技英語(yǔ)閱讀與寫(xiě)作組成。課文由正文、生詞(音標(biāo)、詞性、中文釋義)和詞組或短語(yǔ)(中文釋義)組成，其內(nèi)容包括水資源及其可持續(xù)發(fā)展、水文循環(huán)、水污染、地下水、水法、水需求、灌溉排水、工程材料、襯砌工程、水力發(fā)電、水工建筑物、水輪機(jī)、水泵、工程施工、工程經(jīng)濟(jì)及招投標(biāo)、科技英語(yǔ)閱讀與寫(xiě)作等方面。    本書(shū)可作為高校水利類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)本科生和研究生的專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)教材或課外閱讀材料，也可供從事相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)的科技人員、工程技術(shù)人員、管理人員和教師查閱、使用。

書(shū)籍目錄

前言Lesson 1  Water Resources of the World　Reading Material  Basic Characteristics of China's Water ResourcesLesson 2  The Hydrologic Cycle　Reading Material  The Water CycleLesson 3  Water Resources for Sustainable Development　Reading Material  Planning for Water Resources DevelopmentLesson 4  Nature of Water Pollution　Reading Material  The History of Water PollutionLesson 5  Underground Water　Reading Material  Groundwater Occurrences and the Hydrological Cycle  Lesson 6  Legislation and Implementation of Current Basin- wide Problems in China　Reading Material  Water Doctrines in the United StatesLesson 7  Water Requirements　Reading Material  Water: a Crisis of GovernanceLesson 8  Evaporation　Reading Material  EvapotranspirationLesson 9  Irrigation　Reading Material  Irrigation MethodsLesson 10  Operation of Irrigation System　Reading Material  Methods of Application of Drip IrrigationLesson 11  RDl--the New Technique of Water Saving Irrigation Management in China　Reading Material  Crop Water Use of Onion (Allium cepa L. ) in TurkeyLesson 12  Irrigation Canals　Reading Material  CanalsLesson 13  21st Century's Water Saving Agriculture of Beijing  Reading Material  Expansion of Irrigated Agriculture within AlabamaLesson 14  Land Drainage　Reading Material  Interrelation of Irrigation and DrainageLesson 15  Type of Revetment　Reading Material  Failure Mechanism of RevetmentLesson 16  The Properties of Concrete　Reading Material  ConcreteLesson 17  Basic Concepts of Reinforced Concrete　Reading Material  Reinforced ConcreteLesson 18  Hydroelectricity　Reading Material  China's Hydropower PotenialLesson 19  Pumped Storage Hydroelectricity　Reading Material  The Three Gorges Dam ProjectLesson 20  Reservoir　Reading Material  The Grand Three Gorges ProjectLesson 21  Dams　Reading Material  DamLesson 22  Spillways　Reading Material  Overflow SpillwaysLesson 23  Hydraulic Turbines　Reading Material  WaterwheelLesson 24  Pumps and Pumping　Reading Material  PumpLesson 25  Construction and Equipment　Reading Material  Concrete ConstructionLesson 26  Engineering Economy in Water- Resources Planning ( I)　Reading Material  Engineering Economy in Water- Resources Planning ( II )Lesson 27  Bidding, Bid Opening and Award of Contract　Reading Material  Construction ContractsLesson 28  Critical Water Problem in World　Reading Material  Proposal for Water Programme New IAP Study on  Water Sustainability科技英語(yǔ)閱讀與寫(xiě)作參考文獻(xiàn)

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Evaporation is the name given to the change of water from the liquid state to the gase-ous state. Exactly how much water is evaporated is very difficult to judge accurately, al-though water vapor on the average is about 2% of the total volume of the atmos-phere. Recent studies have measured the evaporation from different sized bodies of water ata constant temperature, over a given period of time. The findings of these studies will beincorporated in the following sections.Water vapor in the atmosphere has been evaporated from various sources. The oceans,covering approximately three- quarters of the earths surface, provide most of the watervapor. Other sources are of relatively minor importance. They include rivers, creeks andinland water storage, which are continuously providing vapor for the atmosphere, as isthe moist land surface itself, particularly in tropical areas. Plants also give off moisture, aprocess referred to as transpiration.Once the atmosphere carrying this moisture moves over land areas and cools, the va-por is converted back into the liquid or solid state and, on reaching the earth, either is e-vaporated again or travels over the surface according to gravity.

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