植物保護(hù)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)讀

內(nèi)容概要

進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來(lái)，生命科學(xué)迅速發(fā)展，生物技術(shù)的發(fā)展更是突飛猛進(jìn)，植物保護(hù)學(xué)科也出現(xiàn)前所未有的新局面，出現(xiàn)了許多驚人的新成果，引起了學(xué)術(shù)界的極大關(guān)注，同時(shí)在數(shù)字化的信息時(shí)代，由于英語(yǔ)作為一門國(guó)際性交流語(yǔ)言和工具，使得許多科技成果都要借助英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行表述和交流，掌握和了解這些最新成果和應(yīng)用前景，非常必要和重要。到目前為止，查新未見(jiàn)有正式的植物保護(hù)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)讀出版，為此我們編選了這本《植物保護(hù)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)讀》，以饗讀者。    本書精選了植物保護(hù)學(xué)科植物病理學(xué)、昆蟲學(xué)和植物化學(xué)保護(hù)三個(gè)方面不同深度專業(yè)論著或論文，深入淺出地闡述該技術(shù)領(lǐng)域基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和科研成果，有助于讀者提高專業(yè)英語(yǔ)理解、閱讀及寫作水平，起到向?qū)У淖饔谩?   為了更好地學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)知識(shí)和科技英語(yǔ)，全書分為PART A、PART B和PART C三大部分，每一單元我們精選15篇左右材料，每篇附有詳細(xì)的單詞、短語(yǔ)注釋和參考譯文。本書適合研究生、本科學(xué)生作為專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教材使用，也是科技人員的重要參考資料。    本書是集體勞動(dòng)的結(jié)晶，在編寫本書時(shí)，我們采用專業(yè)教師和英語(yǔ)教師結(jié)合。專業(yè)教師負(fù)責(zé)文獻(xiàn)取材，并與英語(yǔ)教師共同負(fù)責(zé)校對(duì)編排，文獻(xiàn)翻譯由專業(yè)教師和英語(yǔ)教師共同負(fù)責(zé)。既注重語(yǔ)言文字的流暢，又注重內(nèi)容術(shù)語(yǔ)的準(zhǔn)確，書中難免存在不足和疏漏，再版時(shí)糾正。除了編委人員外，還有許多朋友為此書的編寫提供了幫助，在此表示感謝。

書籍目錄

PART A  1.The Most Successful Life Form on the Planet  2.What is a Locust  3.Classification of Bugs  4.Subterranean Termites  5.Insect Locomotion  6.Fastest Flyer  7.Description of Some Caddisfly Larvae  8.Respiratory System of Insect  9.The Rules of Zoological Nomenclature  10.Japanese Beetle  11.Introduction and Philosophy of Biological Control  12.Reduviidae of Medical Importance  13.Bionomics and Management of Anastrepha（Diptera）  14.Feeding Habits of Armored Scales  15.Integrated Pest Management of Tortricids in European Apple OrchardsPART B  1.Some Characteristics of Pesticides  2.The Development of a New Pesticide  3.Pesticide Application and Water Quality  4.Weed  5.The Uses and Formulation of Herbicides  6.Chemical Weed Control  7.Chemical Control of Viruses  8.The Pesticide Controversy  9.Environmental Toxicology  10.Residual Amounts of Organophosphate Insecticides in Plant Products  11.Toxic Hazards to Man  12.Food Chains  13.Introduction of Herbicide Resistance in Plants  14.Pyrethrum  15.Types of PesticidesPART C  1.How Diseases Are Identified  2.Principles of Plant Disease Control  3.Plant Disease Diagnosis and Management  4.Control Measures of Bacterial Diseases  5.Molecular Plant Pathology  6.Vegetable Diseases Caused by Soilborne Pathogens  7.Pathogens  8.Signal Transduction Pathways and Fungal Disease Control  9.Requirement of Functional Ethylene—Insensitive 2 Gene for Efficient Resistance of Arabidopsis to Infection by Botrytis cinerea  10.Epidemiology  11.Wheat Leaf Rust  12.Diseases Caused by Abiotic（Nonliving, Nonparasitic, or Noninfectious）Agents  13.Wilting  14.Phytophthora Root Rot

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Biology of Soilborne Pathogens　　Survival．A soilborne pathogen‘s ability to survive in soil depends in part on the biological group to which it belongs．Few bacterial pathogens are true．10ng-term soil inhabitants；most sur。 vive for limited periods as saprobes on plant debris or roots，or directly in the soil．These species’ bacterial cells do not produce resilient endospores and the vegetative cells are not particularly re- silient in adverse environments．Some species survive by secreting slimy material that dries to form Drotective layers around the cells，enabling them to withstand unfavorable conditions．　　Fungal pathogens survive in soil as saprobes on host plant debris or on other types of organic matter present in soil，or as free．1iving organisms living directly in the soil．Many of these fungi Droduce resilient survival structures on organic materials；the structures are released into the soil by tillage operations and through decomposition of the infected material．Survival structures can withstand low or high temperature extremes，dry conditions，and periods when no suitable host is Dresent．Environmental factors，however，may affect how long the survival structures remain Via。 ble．The sclerotia of some root．infecting pathogens can be sensitive to desiccation．Low soil temper? atures can be detrimental to pathogens that are adapted to warmer conditions．Such conditions can limit the development of pathogens such as Macrophomina phaseolina on beans and Sclerotium rolfsii on various crops．Distribution of pathogens in soil．The horizontal and vertical distribution of soil．borne pathogens depends on production practices，cropping history，and a variety of other factors．Along a vertical axis．the inoculum of most root pathogens lies within the top 1 0 inches of the soil profile，the layers where host roots and tissues and other organic sub strates are found．On the horizontal plane．distribution of inoculum in a field is usually aggregated in areas where a sus- ceDtible crop has been grown：survival structures produced in diseased tissues are likely to remain in the area where the affected hosts have grown．Because tillage operations involve fragmenting， moving，and burying plant residues，tillage can result in the vertical and horizontal redistribution of pathogens．Pathogen propagules can be moved both deeper and shallower in the soil profile．　　Deeper-placed propagules can have adverse effects on the survival of these structures．On the other hand。exposure to heat，cold，and drying may kill pathogens that have been brought to the soil surface．On a horizontal scale，tillage redistributes inoculum that was at first present in just a few infested areas and spreads it throughout the field．Eventually，the inoculum produced after each susceptible crop could be spread to previously uninfested areas，contributing to increased disease on succeeding crops．

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