研究生英語(yǔ)科技論文寫作

前言

　　當(dāng)今世界是一個(gè)國(guó)際化高科技時(shí)代，科技信息交流日益頻繁，英語(yǔ)作為一門國(guó)際性語(yǔ)言，在傳播科學(xué)知識(shí)、交流科技研究成果方面正在起到越來(lái)越重要的作用。近年來(lái)，隨著我國(guó)對(duì)外交流增多，許多研究生和科技工作者因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)運(yùn)用能力較差，例如不能流利地與國(guó)外同行交流溝通，不懂學(xué)術(shù)論文的寫作規(guī)范、格式，從而失去了向國(guó)際性權(quán)威刊物投稿和參加國(guó)際性學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議的機(jī)會(huì)。隨著研究生培養(yǎng)的日趨正規(guī)化，許多重點(diǎn)院校要求研究生畢業(yè)之前必須在國(guó)際期刊發(fā)表論文，這無(wú)疑對(duì)研究生科技英語(yǔ)寫作水平提出了挑戰(zhàn)。目前全國(guó)高等院校在讀研究生規(guī)模龐大，其中大多數(shù)為理工科學(xué)生，很多人希望在國(guó)際期刊或國(guó)際會(huì)議上發(fā)表論文，科研院所中許多科技工作者希望參加重大國(guó)際科技合作和國(guó)保會(huì)議交流。研究工作的成果很大部分體現(xiàn)在論文的寫作上，向國(guó)際知名期刊投稿，是讓研究成果在國(guó)際上有比較高的知名度的重要途徑。　　《研究生英語(yǔ)科技論文寫作》（Tec,hnicalEnglis^Writing，0rGraduateStudentsand.Proj白ssionals）包括了英文科技論文寫作的語(yǔ)言技巧、基本格式、科技論文類型和結(jié)構(gòu)分析，它同時(shí)也指出科技論文應(yīng)遵守的學(xué)術(shù)道德，例如尊重同行和前人的工作，避免抄襲等。書中特別舉例說(shuō)明中國(guó)人在英語(yǔ)論文寫作過(guò)程中的某些習(xí)慣性錯(cuò)誤，此外本書還介紹了許多國(guó)際刊物發(fā)表論文過(guò)程中應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)。（《研究生英語(yǔ)科技論文寫作》有三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：1）拓寬科技英語(yǔ)知識(shí)面。書中使用了大量通俗易懂的科技英語(yǔ)范例，涉及地質(zhì)、生物、化學(xué)、化工、材料、物理、礦業(yè)、氣象等多種學(xué)科，這為學(xué)生了解和熟悉科技英語(yǔ)詞匯奠定了基礎(chǔ)。（2）錯(cuò)誤分析對(duì)提高英語(yǔ)寫作水平意義重大。在教學(xué)過(guò)程中，作者積累了大量的學(xué)生寫作素材，通過(guò)對(duì)素材進(jìn)行歸納和總結(jié)，列出中國(guó)學(xué)生的常見錯(cuò)誤，如語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤、措辭不當(dāng)、段落結(jié)構(gòu)不合理等，另外對(duì)邏輯錯(cuò)誤和中國(guó)式思維習(xí)慣的錯(cuò)誤也有分析，書中配有大量練習(xí)幫助學(xué)生識(shí)別錯(cuò)誤，提高寫作水平。（3）適合讀者群廣。高等院校的高年級(jí)本科生、研究生和科技工作者中，凡希望參加國(guó)際會(huì)議和在國(guó)際期刊上發(fā)表論文的讀者都會(huì)受益?！　∽髡連riautL.Da.vis是加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的地質(zhì)學(xué)博士，南達(dá)科他州礦業(yè)大學(xué)的地質(zhì)學(xué)教授、X光分形實(shí)驗(yàn)室主任和大氣物理實(shí)驗(yàn)室主任，曾任該學(xué)校研究生院院長(zhǎng)8年，獲美國(guó)國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金、美國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)局和美國(guó)貿(mào)易部等科研資助100萬(wàn)美元以上，在國(guó)際期刊上發(fā)表論文86篇，有Science等世界知名期刊發(fā)表文章的經(jīng)歷。Davis教授在中國(guó)擔(dān)任外籍專家7年多，教學(xué)工作包含研究生英語(yǔ)寫作。Davis教授知識(shí)淵博，無(wú)論是英語(yǔ)科技論文寫作還是英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)都十分豐富。王梅英老師是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)碩士、北京化工大學(xué)副教授，從事英語(yǔ)教學(xué)17年，教學(xué)課程包括大學(xué)英語(yǔ)、英語(yǔ)專業(yè)和研究生英語(yǔ)教學(xué)，曾獲省級(jí)教學(xué)成果獎(jiǎng)二等獎(jiǎng)，多次獲得校級(jí)教學(xué)成果獎(jiǎng)。在完成這本書的過(guò)程中作者征求了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者、教師和大量研究生的意見，旨在能夠達(dá)到既提高英語(yǔ)科技論文寫作水平又?jǐn)U展科技視野的雙重目的。本教材的出版將為讀者提高英語(yǔ)科技論文寫作水平提供很大幫助，因此特向高等院校的研究生和科研院所的科技工作者推薦。

內(nèi)容概要

　　《研究生英語(yǔ)科技論文寫作》包括了英文科技論文寫作的語(yǔ)言技巧．基本格式、結(jié)構(gòu)分析、論文類型、投稿注意事項(xiàng)等。本書有三個(gè)特點(diǎn)： （1）涵蓋的英語(yǔ)科技論文寫作的學(xué)科廣。書中使用了大量通俗易懂的科技英語(yǔ)范例，涉及地質(zhì)、生物、化學(xué)、化工、材料、物理、礦業(yè)、氣象等多種學(xué)科?！　。?）錯(cuò)誤分析對(duì)提高英語(yǔ)寫作水平意義重大。在教學(xué)過(guò)程中作者積累了大量的學(xué)生寫作素材，通過(guò)對(duì)素材進(jìn)行歸納和總結(jié)，列出中國(guó)學(xué)生的常見錯(cuò)誤，如語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。措辭不當(dāng)、邏輯錯(cuò)誤、漢語(yǔ)思維、段落結(jié)構(gòu)不合理等，書中配有大量練習(xí)幫助學(xué)生識(shí)別錯(cuò)誤，提高寫作水平?！　。?）適合讀者面廣。高等院校的高年級(jí)本科生、研究生和科技工作者中，凡希望參加國(guó)際會(huì)議和在國(guó)際期刊上發(fā)表論文的讀者都會(huì)受益。目前全國(guó)高等院校在讀研究生規(guī)模龐大，其中大多數(shù)為理工科學(xué)生，很多人希望在國(guó)際期刊或國(guó)際會(huì)議發(fā)表論文，科研院所中許多科技工作者希望參加重大國(guó)際科技合作和國(guó)際會(huì)議交流。向國(guó)際知名期刊投稿，是讓研究成果在國(guó)際上有比較高的知名度的重要途徑。

書籍目錄

hapter 1 - Introduction 11.1 What Do We Need the Most? 21.2 How Best to Use This Book 61.3 Exercises 7Chapter 2 - Review of Basic Writing Skills 112.1 Grammar Usage 122.i.1 Subjects and Nouns and Their Verbs 1.22.1.2 Article Adjectives 132.1.3 Prepositions 152.1.4 Conjunctions and Connectives 182.1.5 Noun and Verb Modifiers 192.1.5.1 Adjectives 192.1.5.2 Adverbs 212.2 Punctuation 222.2.1 The Comma (,) and Semicolon (;) 222.2.2 The colon (:) 232.2.3 The Exclamation Mark (!) 232.2.4 The Question Mark (?) 242.2.5 Quotation Marks ( "..." ) 242.2.6 The Dash (-) 242.3 Capitalization 252.4 Word Selection and Usage 262.5 Exercises 272.6 References (English Writing Texts and Workbooks) 30Chapter 3 - Sentences 333.1 Basic Sentence Structure 353.1.1 Sentence Building 353.1.2 Sentence Qualities 363.1.2.1 Conciseness 363.1.2.2 Content Emphasis 373.1.2.3 Balance 383.1.2.4 Parallelism 383.1.2.5 Clarity 393.1.3 Tense Changes 403.2 Exercises 413.3 References 46Chapter 4 - Paragraphs 474.1 Properties of Paragraphs 484.1.1 Unity 484.1.2 Conciseness 504.1.3 Organization 524.2 Composition Styles 544.2.1 Narrative 554.2.2 Expository 554.2.3 Argumentation 564.2.4 Descriptive 574.3 Methods of Development 584.3.1 Development by Time (Chronology) 584.3.2 Development by Space 594.3.3 Development by Process 594.3.4 Development by Comparison and Contrast 604.4 Exercises 684.5 References 63Chapter 5 -.The Technical Research Paper 655.1 Writing Styles for Technical Subjects 665.2 Methods for Presenting Data 685.2.1 Photographs 685.2.2 Drawings (Graphs, Maps, Diagrams) 695.2.3 Tables 735.2.4 Equations 755.3 Exercises775.4 References 80Chapter 6-Section Development 816.1 Development Scheme 826.2 Introduction and Previous Work 846.3 Field and Experimental Methods 866.4 Data Analysis 896.5 Results 916.6 Discussion 936.7 Conclusions 966.8 Credits to Others 986.8.1 Acknowledgements 986.8.2 References 1006.8.2.1 Professionalism 1006.8.2.2 Reference Styles 1026.9 Abstract (Including Title and Authorship) 1036.9.1 Title and Authorship 1046.9.2 Abstract Content 1056.10 Exercises 1096.11 References 117Chapter 7-Special Precautions 1197.1 Timing 1207.1.1 Prior Work 1207.1.2 Promptness in Publication 1227.1.3. Peer Review and Revision 1237.1.4 Continued Research and Publication 1277.2 Professional Ethics 1287.3 The Reply and Rebuttal 1297.4 Conference Presentation 1337.5 Exercises 1347.6 References 137Chapter 8 - Publication 1398.1 Selection of the Publication Outlet 1408.1.1 Length 1408.1.2 Technical Level 1418.1.3 Topic 1428.2 The Referee Process——Perseverance in Publication 1438.3 Costs of Publishing a Paper 1458.4 Copyright and Proprietary Requirements 1458.5 Exercises 1468.6 References 147Chapter 9 - Abstract Study and Language Translation 1499.1 Translation Examples 1519.2 English Publication Examples with Suggestions onTranslation 1579.3 Exercises 163Appendix I-Solutions to Odd-Numbered Exercises 167Appendix II-Commonly Used Scientific and Engineering Units 182Appendix Ill-Editors Marks and Codes 183Appendix IV-A Glossary of Semi -Technical Terms Used in This Book 184Appendix V-List of Text Examples and Exercises 193

章節(jié)摘錄

　　preposition "onto", but seeing is not an action, so "on" is the properpreposition.） Both "onto" and "on" are the prepositions to be used fora surface （here, a table top）. Also note that with "put..onto" there is achange in position of the box, starting from some unspecified loca-tion, and ending up on the table. Thus, the use of into and onto alsoimplies a change of ,locality". When action takes place within a spaceor on a surface, but no change in locality has taken place, then "in" and"on" are the proper prepositions to use; i.e., "the mouse is running inits cage", and "Bob is walking on the sidewalk".　　Example 25: After Jack returned from the field he placed the rocksample into the storage box. （"placed" is action that involves a changein location of the sample.）　　Example 26: Jack pasted a "label" onto the lid of the box. （The action verb "pasted" requires the preposition "onto" because the lid is a surface.）　　Example 27: Jack later examined the rock sample in the storage box. （"examined" is an observation, rather than an action, no change in locality is involved, and the inside of the box is a space; hence "in" is the proper preposition here.）　　The preposition "at" is often used with location or an address, and "to" and "toward" are used to express motion in a direction. Consider a teacher and the students of a class:　　Example 28: Professor Johnson came to classroom 402 an hour early and found his students sitting quietly/n the room. （"classroom 402" is a locality, but the "room" is a space.）　　Example 29: The professor asked James, who sat in the corner of　the room, to please move into the center. （Both the "corner" and the　"center" of the room are spaces with undefined boundaries.）　　Example 30: Steven stood at the geologic map of the Alps that　was mounted on the west wall. （Steven is at a locality, i.e., the map　placed on the west wall —— a surface.）　　Example 31: The graduate student arrived at the Beijing Univer-　sity of Chemical Technology, and immediately hurried onto the　campus, arriving at the Department of Materials Science by 9:00 a.m.　He found the secretary waiting for him within the department office.　　In Example 31 the university is a locality. One should not write　"...a~rived in, or on, the Beijing University of ..."; however, as an　 exception to the article adjective rule, it is acceptable to write "...ar-　 rived on campus" （a surface）, even though action is implied and the　 specific campus might be identified in a preceding sentence.

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