美國語文讀本3

前言

　　序言　　呈現(xiàn)于讀者面前的這套《美國語文讀本》，亦名《麥加菲讀本》，其編者威廉?H?麥加菲曾先后任美國邁阿密大學(xué)語言學(xué)教授和俄亥俄大學(xué)校長?？紤]到“麥加菲”的英文名稱在美國已被注冊為商標，加之它是一套影響深遠而廣泛的語文課本，我們在中國首次原版出版這套著名教材時，便將書名定為《美國語文讀本》。這套書既有教材功能，又可當作提高英語水平的有效讀物?！　　睹绹Z文讀本》從19世紀中期至20世紀中葉，一直被廣泛用作美國學(xué)校的語文教材，據(jù)稱有10000多所美國學(xué)校拿它當作教材。美國著名汽車制造商亨利?福特稱贊這套書是他兒童時代最有興趣的讀物，后來他自費大量印刷這套書，分發(fā)給很多學(xué)校。到了21世紀，西方一些私立學(xué)校(Private School)和家庭學(xué)校（Homeschool）仍用它作為教材，足見這套書的價值與影響力。據(jù)估計，這套書從問世至1960年，至少發(fā)行了1.22億冊；1961年后，在西方每年銷量仍達30000冊以上。應(yīng)該說，沒有哪一套個人主編的教材能超過此發(fā)行量了！　　這套讀本的英文原版共分七級，包括啟蒙讀本和第1-6級?？紤]到啟蒙讀本與第一級篇幅都較少，難易程度也很接近，于是我們將之合并為第1冊，其余2-6級與英文原版相同。這樣國內(nèi)出版的這套讀本共包括6冊。第1冊從字母表開始，主要側(cè)重于字母的發(fā)音與書寫、簡單的單詞與句型，同時強調(diào)英文書寫，課文后面附有不少書法練習(xí)，讓孩子們不僅將英語說得像外國人，而且寫得也跟外文書法一樣，這是國內(nèi)英語教學(xué)所缺少的一個環(huán)節(jié)。從第2冊開始，均是比較正式的課文了，每一課包括詞匯和課文，對一些生詞有英文解釋，讓學(xué)生學(xué)會通過簡單英文理解生詞，養(yǎng)成用英語理解和思維的習(xí)慣。第4冊還附有課后思考練習(xí)，這些練習(xí)可以幫助學(xué)生更好理解文章，引發(fā)孩子們的思考。第5冊和第6冊的課文前增加了作者簡介與相關(guān)背景知識，內(nèi)容豐富而有一定深度?！　乃x課文的英文難易程度來看，大致而言，這套讀本的第1-3冊跟國內(nèi)小學(xué)畢業(yè)程度相近，那么第4級則適用于初中生閱讀使用，第5、6冊可供高中及以上程度學(xué)習(xí)者閱讀。從文體方面我們可以看出，除了常見的記敘、散文體以外，這套讀本對詩歌、戲劇、論說文等文體也很重視，書中選取了不少名家的名作名篇。這對國內(nèi)孩子們真正感受英語這一西方語言的魄力是大有幫助的。　　人類文化的瑰寶不僅源遠流長，而且具有很大共通性，在全社會不斷呼吁教育改革的今天，我們將這套優(yōu)秀的美國讀本引進到國內(nèi)，應(yīng)該具有一定的借鑒意義。它也有益于中國孩子在學(xué)習(xí)英語的同時，了解西方的文學(xué)與文化歷史，通過英語這門語言工具，開闊自己的視野，打開通往世界的心靈之窗。這也我們出版此套書的內(nèi)心所愿！　　作為此書的出版者，我們最后懇請讀者原諒并給予幫助的是，由于此套書出版過程中掃描和編排校對的工作量較大，或許會出現(xiàn)一些錯誤與不當之處，懇請讀者諒解并指正，以幫助我們更加完善此套讀本?！　〕霭嬲?/pre>


內(nèi)容概要
這套讀本的英文原版共分七級，包括啟蒙讀本和第1-6級?？紤]到啟蒙讀本與第一級篇幅都較少，難易程度也很接近，于是將之合并為第1冊，其余2-6級與英文原版相同。這樣國內(nèi)出版的這套讀本共包括6冊。
　　本書也是較正式的課文。每一課包括詞匯和課文，以及對一些生詞的英文解釋，讓學(xué)生學(xué)會通過簡單英文理解生詞，養(yǎng)成用英語理解和思維的習(xí)慣。


作者簡介
　　威廉·H·麥加菲，美國著名教育家。1800年出生于賓夕法尼亞州，1826年畢業(yè)于華盛頓大學(xué)杰斐遜學(xué)院。在數(shù)十年教育生涯中，他曾擔(dān)任過邁阿密大學(xué)語言學(xué)教授，俄亥俄大學(xué)校長。自1845年開始任弗吉尼亞大學(xué)道德哲學(xué)教授。他還幫助組建了俄亥俄州公立學(xué)校體系?！　≡缭?9世紀初期，麥加菲就意識到，應(yīng)該給那些孤獨的墾荒者和歐洲移民的后代提供普遍的教育，于是他利用自己作為演講家與教育工作者的天賦，開始為孩子們編寫系列教材。這套教材共7冊，從學(xué)齡前至第6年級。他前后花費了20多年的時間才完成全套教材的編寫。這套教材面世后就被美國很多學(xué)校選為課本。在75年間銷量高達1.22億，直到今天仍以各種版本流行于西方，被美國《出版周刊》評為“人類出版史上第三大暢銷書”，對美國青年的心靈塑造與道德培養(yǎng)產(chǎn)生了史無前例的影響。　　William Holmes McGuffey (September 23, 1800 – May 4, 1873) was an American professor and college president who is best known for writing the McGuffey Readers, one of the nation's first and most widely used series of textbooks. It is estimated that at least 122 million copies of McGuffey Readers were sold between 1836 and 1960, placing its sales in a category with the Bible and Webster's Dictionary.　　He was born the son of Alexander and Anna (Holmes) McGuffey near Claysville in Washington County, Pennsylvania, which is 45 miles southwest of Pittsburgh. In 1802 the McGuffey family moved further out into the frontier at Tuscarawas County, Ohio. He attended country school, and after receiving special instruction at Youngstown, he attended Greersburg Academy in Darlington, Pennsylvania. Afterwards, he attended and graduated from Pennsylvania's Washington College, where he became an instructor.　　He was close friends with Washington College's President Andrew Wylie and lived in Wylie's house for a time; they often would walk the 3 miles to Washington College together.　　McGuffey's house in OxfordMcGuffey left Washington College in 1826 to become a professor at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. A year later in 1827, he was married to Harriet Spinning of Dayton, Ohio, with whom he had five children. In 1829, he was ordained at Bethel Chapel as a minister in the Presbyterian Church. It was in Oxford that he created the most important contribution of his life: The McGuffey Readers. His books sold over 122 million copies. He was very fond of teaching and children as he geared the books toward a younger audience.　　In 1836, he left Miami to become president of Cincinnati College, where he also served as a distinguished teacher and lecturer. He left Cincinnati in 1839 to become the 4th president of Ohio University, which he left in 1843 to become president of Woodward College (really a secondary school) in Cincinnati.　　In 1845, McGuffey moved to Charlottesville, Virginia where he became Professor of Philosophy at the University of Virginia. A year after his first wife Harriet died in 1850, he married Miss Laura Howard, daughter of Dean Howard of the University of Virginia, in 1851. McGuffey is buried in the university burial ground, in Charlottesville, Virginia. The School of Education at Miami University is housed in McGuffey Hall which is named for him and his home in Oxford is a National Historic Landmark offering tours on weekdays.


書籍目錄
LESSON 1 THE SHEPHERD BOY
LESSON 2 JOHNNY’S FIRST SNOWSTORM
LESSON 3 LET IT RAIN
LESSON 4 CASTLE-BUILDING
LESSON 5 CASTLE-BUILDING (CONCLUDED)
LESSON 6 LEND A HAND
LESSON 7 THE TRUANT
LESSON 8 THE WHITE KITTEN
LESSON 9 THE BEAVER
LESSON 10 THE YOUNG TEACHER
LESSON 11 THE BLACKSMITH 24
LESSON 12 A WALK IN THE GARDEN
LESSON 13 THE WOLF
LESSON 14 THE LITTLE BIRD’S SONG
LESSON 15 HARRY AND ANNIE
LESSON 16 BIRD FRIENDS
LESSON 17 WHAT THE MINUTES SAY
LESSON 18 THE WIDOW AND THE
LESSON 19 THE BIRDS SET FREE
LESSON 20 A MOMENT TOO LATE
LESSON 21 HUMMING BIRDS
LESSON 22 THE WIND AND THE SUN
LESSON 23 SUNSET
LESSON 24 BEAUTIFUL HANDS
LESSON 25 THINGS TO REMEMBER
LESSON 26 THREE LITTLE MICE
LESSON 27 THE NEW YEAR
LESSON 28 THE CLOCK AND THE SUNDIAL
LESSON 29 REMEMBER
LESSON 30 COURAGE AND COWARDICE
LESSON 31 WEIGHING AN ELEPHANT
LESSON 32 THE SOLDIER
LESSON 33 THE ECHO
LESSON 34 GEORGE’S FEAST
LESSON 35 THE LORD’S PRAYER
LESSON 36 FINDING THE OWNER
LESSON 37 BATS
LESSON 38 A SUMMER DAY
LESSON 39 I WILL THINK OF IT
LESSON 40 CHARLIE AND ROB
LESSON 41 RAY AND HIS KITE
LESSON 42 BEWARE OF THE FIRST DRINK
LESSON 43 SPEAK GENTLY
LESSON 44 THE SEVEN STICKS
LESSON 45 THE MOUNTAIN SISTER
LESSON 46 HARRY AND THE GUIDEPOST
LESSON 47 THE MONEY AMY DID N’T EARN
LESSON 48 WHO MADE THE STARS?
LESSON 49 DEEDS OF KINDNESS
LESSON 50 THE ALARM CLOCK
LESSON 51 SPRING
LESSON 52 TRUE COURAGE
LESSON 53 THE OLD CLOCK
LESSON 54 THE WAVES
LESSON 55 DON’T KILL THE BIRDS
LESSON 56 WHEN TO SAY NO
LESSON 57 WHICH LOVED BEST?
LESSON 58 JOHN CARPENTER
LESSON 59 PERSEVERE
LESSON 60 THE CONTENTED BOY
LESSON 61 LITTLE GUSTAVA
LESSON 62 THE INSOLENT BOY
LESSON 63 WE ARE SEVEN
LESSON 64 MARY’S DIME
LESSON 65 MARY DOW
LESSON 66 THE LITTLE LOAF
LESSON 67 SUSIE AND ROVER
LESSON 68 THE VIOLET
LESSON 69 NO CROWN FOR ME
LESSON 70 YOUNG SOLDIERS
LESSON 71 HOW WILLIE GOT OUT OF THE SHAFT
LESSON 72 THE PERT CHICKEN
LESSON 73 INDIAN CORN
LESSON 74 THE SNOWBIRD’S SONG
LESSON 75 MOUNTAINS
LESSON 76 A CHILD’S HYMN
LESSON 77 HOLDING THE FORT
LESSON 78 THE LITTLE PEOPLE
LESSON 79 GOOD NIGHT


章節(jié)摘錄
　　LESSON 2 JOHNNY'S FIRST SNOWSTORM　　1. Johnny Reed was a little boy who never had seen a snowstorm till he was six years old. Before this, he had lived in a warm country, where the sun shines down on beautiful orange groves, and fields always sweet with flowers.　　2. But now he had come to visit his grandmother, who lived where the snow falls in winter. Johnny was standing at the window when the snow came down.　　3. "O mamma!" he cried, joyfully, "do come quick, and see these little white birds flying down from heaven."　　4. "They are not birds, Johnny," said mamma, smiling.　　5. "Then maybe the little angels are losing their feathers! Oh! do tell me what it is; is it sugar? Let me taste it," said Johnny. But when he tasted it, he gave a little jump-it was so cold.　　6. "That is only snow, Johnny," said his mother.　　7. "What is snow, mother?"　　8. "The snowflakes, Johnny, are little drops of water that fall from the clouds. But the air through which they pass is so cold it freezes them, and they come down turned into snow."　　9. As she said this, she brought out an old black hat from the closet. "See, Johnny! I have caught a snowflake on this hat. Look quick through this glass, and you will see how beautiful it is."　　10. Johnny looked through the glass. There lay the pure, feathery snow flake like a lovely little star.　　11. "Twinkle, twinkle, little star!" he cried in delight. "Oh! please show me more snow-fl akes, mother."　　12. So his mother caught several more, and they were all beautiful.　　13. The next day Johnny had a fine play in the snow, and when he carne in, he said, "I love snow; and I think snowballs are a great deal prettier than oranges."　　……








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