歐洲文化教程

前言

歐洲的大門一打開(kāi)，就像一座內(nèi)存無(wú)數(shù)寶藏的博物館一樣令人沉醉。歐洲是見(jiàn)證人類文明發(fā)展和輝煌成就的大陸，它集古典與現(xiàn)代、激情與內(nèi)斂、典雅與時(shí)尚于一身，是令無(wú)數(shù)旅行者身心向往的地方。在1000多萬(wàn)平方千米的歐洲土地上，生息著45個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)。璀璨的愛(ài)琴古文化，有如藍(lán)天白云那樣純凈；塞納河畔的濃香咖啡，讓人回味良久；倫敦的蒙蒙大霧，讓人迷失在古老的貴族氣質(zhì)中……沒(méi)到過(guò)歐洲的人，可能會(huì)有不同的想象；到過(guò)歐洲的人，一定會(huì)流連忘返。歐洲和中國(guó)的面積相差不多，在這片富饒多情的土地上產(chǎn)生的國(guó)家、民族、語(yǔ)言、歷史、景觀復(fù)雜多樣，豐富多彩。通過(guò)《歐洲文化教程》，我們想極力給高校學(xué)生和廣大朋友展現(xiàn)一個(gè)真實(shí)的歐洲，選擇最具代表性的國(guó)家和城市，幫助其了解歐洲歷史文化、風(fēng)土人情，觀賞歐洲風(fēng)光，享受歐洲現(xiàn)代文明。本書是面向中國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)文化學(xué)習(xí)的通用教材，以英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言為主，可用于本科生和研究生的英語(yǔ)文化知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)。學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的中國(guó)大學(xué)生在閱讀英文書刊和同歐洲國(guó)家人士的交往中，往往感到由于缺乏歐洲文化知識(shí)而面臨許多困難。英語(yǔ)中有不計(jì)其數(shù)的典故、名言、成語(yǔ)、人名、地名等等來(lái)自歐洲的哲學(xué)、文學(xué)、歷史著作，或者牽涉到各時(shí)期歐洲各國(guó)的思想、文化、政治、社會(huì)方面的重要事件和人物。通過(guò)文化來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言，既提升了學(xué)習(xí)興趣，語(yǔ)言也會(huì)學(xué)得更好。《歐洲文化教程》選取法國(guó)、英國(guó)、荷蘭、比利時(shí)、德國(guó)、奧地利、瑞士、瑞典、丹麥、芬蘭、西班牙、意大利、希臘、俄羅斯、波蘭等15個(gè)歐洲主要國(guó)家，分別介紹了它們的歷史地理、主要城市、風(fēng)土人情、民族節(jié)日和飲食旅游等內(nèi)容。全書包括一個(gè)章節(jié)的歐洲文化總體介紹和十五章歐洲各主要國(guó)家的文化風(fēng)情，按時(shí)間順序介紹了歐洲文化的源流發(fā)展。最大的特點(diǎn)是避免了一般英語(yǔ)文化書籍枯燥乏味的敘述，代之以具體的史實(shí)和豐富的圖片，從而增加了趣味性和可讀性。其中第一、二、五、十一章由趙碩、劉波編寫，第六、七、十五、十六章由蒲冬梅編寫，第三、四、九、十二章由常秦編寫，第十三、十四章由劉潔編寫，第八章由蒲冬梅、趙碩編寫，第十章由常秦、房慧編寫，書中所涉及的主要數(shù)字參考了維基百科和國(guó)家百科全書。由于能力所限，書中難免會(huì)有一些錯(cuò)誤，我們將在今后的工作或再版時(shí)予以糾正。

內(nèi)容概要

本書選取法國(guó)、英國(guó)、荷蘭、比利時(shí)、德國(guó)、奧地利、瑞士、瑞典、丹麥、芬蘭、西班牙、意大利、希臘、俄羅斯、波蘭等15個(gè)歐洲主要國(guó)家，分別介紹了這15個(gè)國(guó)家的歷史地理、城市概況、教育經(jīng)濟(jì)、傳統(tǒng)文化、風(fēng)土人情、民族節(jié)日和飲食旅游等內(nèi)容，旨在幫助學(xué)生了解歐洲歷史文化、風(fēng)土人情，品味歐洲古代歷史和現(xiàn)代文明，拓展學(xué)生的視野。    本書可作為中國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)文化學(xué)習(xí)者的通用教材，也課供英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)愛(ài)好者參考使用。

書籍目錄

Chapter One  IntroductionChapter Two  FranceChapter Three  BritainChapter Four  NetherlandsChapter Five  BelgiumChapter Six  GermanyChapter Seven  AustriaChapter Eight  SwitzerlandChapter Nine  SwedenChapter Ten  DenmarkChapter Eleven  FinlandChapter Twelve  SpainChapter Thirteen  ItalyChapter Fourteen  GreeceChapter Fifteen  RussiaChapter Sixteen  Poland

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：The earliest known cultural tribes of the area were members of the Hallstatt and La Tene cultures, named after the archaeological site of La Tene on the north side of Lake Neuchatel. La Tene culture developed and flourished during the late Iron Age from around 450 BC, possibly under some influence from the Greek and Etruscan civilizations. One of the most important tribal groups in the Swiss region was the Helvetii.  In 58 BC, at the Battle of Bibracte, JuliusCaesar's armies defeated the Helvetii. In 15 BC, Tiberius, who was destined to be the second Roman emperor and his brother, Drusus, conquered the Alps, integrating them into the Roman Empire. The area occupied by the Helvetii-the namesakes of the later Confederation Helvetica——first became part of Rome's Gallia Belgica province and then of its Germania Superior province, while the eastern portion of modern Switzerland was integrated into the Roman province of Raetia.In the early Middle Ages, from the 4th century, the western extent of modern-day  Switzerland  was  part  of  the  territory  of  the  Kings  of  the Burgundians. The Alemanni settled the Swiss plateau in the 5th century and the valleys of the Alps in the 8th century,  forming Alemannia.  Modern-day Switzerland was therefore then divided between the kingdoms of Alemannia and Burgundy. The entire region became part of the expanding Frankish Empire in the 6th century, following Clovis I's victory over the Alemanni at Tolbiac in 504 AD, and later Frankish domination of the Burgundians.Throughout the rest of the 6th, 7th and 8th centuries the Swiss regions continued under Frankish hegemony (Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties). But after its extension under Charlemagne, the Frankish empire was divided by the Treaty of Verdun in 843.  The territories of nowadays Switzerland was divided into Middle Francia and East Francia until they were reunified under the Holy Roman Empire around 1000 AD.

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