美國(guó)語(yǔ)文

內(nèi)容概要

　　《美國(guó)語(yǔ)文4(英漢雙語(yǔ)全譯版)》從19世紀(jì)中期至20世紀(jì)中葉，一直被廣泛用作美國(guó)學(xué)校的語(yǔ)文教材，據(jù)稱(chēng)有10000多所美國(guó)學(xué)校拿它當(dāng)作教材。到了21世紀(jì)，西方一些私立學(xué)校（Private
School)和家庭學(xué)校（Homeschool）仍用它作為教材，足見(jiàn)這套書(shū)的價(jià)值與影響力。據(jù)估計(jì)，這套書(shū)從問(wèn)世至1960年，至少發(fā)行了1.22億冊(cè)；1961年后，在西方每年銷(xiāo)量仍達(dá)30000冊(cè)以上。應(yīng)該說(shuō)，沒(méi)有哪一套個(gè)人主編的教材能超過(guò)此發(fā)行量了！此套讀本的英文原版共分七級(jí)，包括啟蒙讀本和第1-6級(jí)。考慮到啟蒙讀本與第一級(jí)篇幅都較少，難易程度也很接近，于是我們將之合并為第1冊(cè)，其余2-6級(jí)與英文原版相同。這樣國(guó)內(nèi)出版的這套讀本共包括6冊(cè)。第1冊(cè)從字母表開(kāi)始，主要側(cè)重于字母的發(fā)音與書(shū)寫(xiě)、簡(jiǎn)單的單詞與句型，同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)英文書(shū)寫(xiě)，課文后面附有不少書(shū)法練習(xí)，讓孩子們不僅將英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得像外國(guó)人，而且寫(xiě)得也跟外文書(shū)法一樣，這是國(guó)內(nèi)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)所缺少的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。從第2冊(cè)開(kāi)始，均是比較正式的課文，每一課包括詞匯和課文，對(duì)一些生詞有英文解釋?zhuān)寣W(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單英文理解生詞，養(yǎng)成用英語(yǔ)理解和思維的習(xí)慣。第5冊(cè)和第6冊(cè)的課文前增加了作者簡(jiǎn)介與相關(guān)背景知識(shí)，內(nèi)容豐富而有一定深度。此套書(shū)為在原版本基礎(chǔ)上重新修訂精裝版，后兩冊(cè)字號(hào)較之前有所放大，并且修正了原有的錯(cuò)誤之處，以方便學(xué)生閱讀。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

　　威廉?H?麥加菲，美國(guó)著名教育家。1800年出生于賓夕法尼亞州，1826年畢業(yè)于華盛頓大學(xué)杰斐遜學(xué)院。在數(shù)十年教育生涯中，他曾擔(dān)任過(guò)邁阿密大學(xué)語(yǔ)言學(xué)教授，俄亥俄大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)。自1845年開(kāi)始任弗吉尼亞大學(xué)道德哲學(xué)教授。他還幫助組建了俄亥俄州公立學(xué)校體系。
　　早在19世紀(jì)初期，麥加菲就意識(shí)到，應(yīng)該給那些孤獨(dú)的墾荒者和歐洲移民的后代提供普遍的教育，于是他利用自己作為演講家與教育工作者的天賦，開(kāi)始為孩子們編寫(xiě)系列教材。這套教材共7冊(cè)，從學(xué)齡前至第6年級(jí)。他前后花費(fèi)了20多年的時(shí)間才完成全套教材的編寫(xiě)。這套教材面世后就被美國(guó)很多學(xué)校選為課本。在75年間銷(xiāo)量高達(dá)1.22億，直到今天仍以各種版本流行于西方，被美國(guó)《出版周刊》評(píng)為“人類(lèi)出版史上第三大暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)”，對(duì)美國(guó)青年的心靈塑造與道德培養(yǎng)產(chǎn)生了史無(wú)前例的影響。

書(shū)籍目錄

LESSON 1 PERSEVERANCE 堅(jiān)持不懈
LESSON 2 TRY， TRY AGAIN 試一次，再試一次
LESSON 3 WHY THE SEA IS SALT 海水為什么是咸的
LESSON 4 WHY THE SEA IS SALT（CONCLUDED） 海水為什么是咸的（結(jié)束篇）
LESSON 5 POPPING CORN 爆米花
LESSON 6 SMILES 微 笑
LESSON 7 LAZY NED 懶人奈德
LESSON 8 THE MONKEY 猴 子
LESSON 9 MEDDLESOME MATTY 愛(ài)搗亂的瑪?shù)?br />LESSON 10 THE GOOD SON 好孩子
LESSON 11 TOMORROW 明 天
LESSON 12 WHERE THERE IS A WILL THERE IS A WAY 有志者事竟成
LESSON 13 PICCOLA 皮克拉
LESSON 14 TRUE MANLINESS 真正的男子漢
LESSON 15 TRUE MANLINESS（CONCLUDED） 真正的男子漢（結(jié)束篇）
LESSON 16 THE BROWN THRUSH 棕色畫(huà)眉鳥(niǎo)
LESSON 17 A SHIP IN A STORM 暴風(fēng)雨中的船
LESSON 18 THE SAILOR'S CONSOLATION 水手的慰藉
LESSON 19 TWO WAYS OF TELLING A STORY 兩種方式講述同一個(gè)故事
LESSON 20 FREAKS OF THE FROST 霜之奇想
LESSON 21 WASTE NOT， WANT NOT 不浪費(fèi)，不愁缺
LESSON 22 JEANNETTE AND JO 珍妮特和喬
LESSON 23 THE LION 獅 子
LESSON 24 STRAWBERRIES 草 莓
LESSON 25 HARRY'S RICHES 哈里的財(cái)富
LESSON 26 IN TIME'S SWING 在時(shí)間的秋千上
LESSON 27 HARRY AND HIS DOG 哈利與他的狗
LESSON 28 THE VOICE OF THE GRASS 小草之聲
LESSON 29 THE EAGLE 鷹
LESSON 30 THE OLD EAGLE TREE 老鷹樹(shù)
LESSON 31 ALPINE SONG 阿爾卑斯之歌
LESSON 32 CIRCUMSTANCES ALTER CASES 環(huán)境不同，處理各異
LESSON 33 THE NOBLEST REVENGE 最高尚的復(fù)仇
LESSON 34 EVENING HYMN 夜晚圣歌
LESSON 35 HOW MARGERY WONDERED 好奇的瑪芝莉
LESSON 36 THE CHILD'S WORLD 孩子的世界
LESSON 37 SUSIE'S COMPOSITION 蘇西的作文
LESSON 38 THE SUMMER SHOWER 夏季的雨
LESSON 39 CONSEQUENCES OF IDLENESS 懶惰的后果
LESSON 40 ADVANTAGES OF INDUSTRY 勤奮的益處
LESSON 41 THE FOUNTAIN 噴 泉
LESSON 42 COFFEE 咖 啡
LESSON 43 THE WINTER KING 冬天之王
LESSON 44 THE NETTLE 蕁 麻
LESSON 45 THE TEMPEST 暴風(fēng)雨
LESSON 46 THE CREATOR 造物主
LESSON 47 THE HORSE 馬
LESSON 48 EMULATION 競(jìng) 爭(zhēng)
LESSON 49 THE SANDPIPER 磯 鷂
LESSON 50 THE RIGHT WAY 正確的方式
LESSON 51 THE GOLDEN RULE 黃金法則
LESSON 52 THE SNOW MAN 雪 人
LESSON 53 ROBINSON CRUSOE'S HOUSE 魯濱遜?克魯索的住所
LESSON 54 ROBINSON CRUSOE'S DRESS 魯濱遜?克魯索的衣服
LESSON 55 SOMEBODY'S DARLING 誰(shuí)的親人沉睡在這里
LESSON 56 KNOWLEDGE IS POWER 知識(shí)的力量
LESSON 57 GOOD WILL 善 意
LESSON 58 A CHINESE STORY 中國(guó)故事一則
LESSON 59 THE WAY TO BE HAPPY 幸福之道
LESSON 60 THE GIRAFFE 長(zhǎng)頸鹿
LESSON 61 THE LOST CHILD 失蹤的孩子
LESSON 62 WHICH？ 把哪個(gè)送人
LESSON 63 THE PET FAWN 小寵物鹿
LESSON 64 ANNIE'S DREAM 安妮的夢(mèng)
LESSON 65 MY GHOST 我見(jiàn)到的鬼
LESSON 66 THE ELEPHANT 大 象
LESSON 67 DARE TO DO RIGHT 道德勇氣
LESSON 68 DARE TO DO RIGHT（CONCLUDED） 道德勇氣（結(jié)束篇）
LESSON 69 THE WRECK OF THE HESPERUS 赫斯珀洛斯號(hào)的殘骸
LESSON 70 ANECDOTES OF BIRDS 鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)趣聞
LESSON 71 THE RAINBOW PILGRIMAGE 彩虹之旅
LESSON 72 THE OLD OAKEN BUCKET 舊橡木桶
LESSON 73 THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT 登山寶訓(xùn)
LESSON 74 THE YOUNG WITNESS 小證人
LESSON 75 KING SOLOMON AND THE ANTS 所羅門(mén)王和螞蟻
LESSON 76 RIVERMOUTH THEATER 河口劇場(chǎng)
LESSON 77 ALFRED THE GREAT 阿爾弗雷德大帝
LESSON 78 LIVING ON A FARM 農(nóng)場(chǎng)生活
LESSON 79 HUGH IDLE AND MR. TOIL 休?伊德和特勞先生
LESSON 80 HUGH IDLE AND MR. TOIL（CONCLUDED） 休?伊德和特勞先生（結(jié)束篇）
LESSON 81 BURNING THE FALLOW 火 警
LESSON 82 THE DYING SOLDIERS 垂死的士兵
LESSON 83 THE ATTACK ON NYMWEGEN 襲擊納梅亨
LESSON 84 THE SEASONS 四 季
LESSON 85 BRANDYWINE FORD 白蘭地酒河淺灘
LESSON 86 BRANDYWINE FORD（CNCLUDED） 白蘭地酒河淺灘（結(jié)束篇）
LESSON 87 THE BEST CAPITAL 最好的資本
LESSON 88 THE INCHCAPE ROCK 印奇開(kāi)普暗礁
LESSON 89 MY MOTHER'S GRAVE 母親的墳?zāi)?br />LESSON 90 A MOTHER'S GIFT-THE BIBLE 母親的禮物——《圣經(jīng)》

章節(jié)摘錄

　　LESSON 1 PERSEVERANCE　　堅(jiān)持不懈　　1. “Will you give my kite a lift？” said my little nephew to his sister， after trying in vain to make it fly by dragging it along the ground. Lucy very kindly took it up and threw it into the air， but， her brother neglecting to run off at the same moment， the kite fell down again.　　2. “Ah！ now， how awkward you are！” said the little fellow. “It was your fault entirely，” answered his sister. “Try again， children，” said I.　　3. Lucy once more took up the kite. But now John was in too great a hurry； he ran off so suddenly that he twitched the kite out of her hand， and it fell fl at as before. “Well， who is to blame now？” asked Lucy. “Try again，” said I.　　4. They did， and with more care； but a side wind coming suddenly， as Lucy let go the kite， it was blown against some shrubs， and the tail became entangled1 in a moment， leaving the poor kite hanging with its head downward.　　5. “There， there！” exclaimed John， “that comes of your throwing it all to one side.” “As if I could make the wind blow straight，” said Lucy. In the meantime， I went to the kite's assistance2； and having disengaged3 the long tail， I rolled it up， saying， “Come， children， there are too many trees here； let us find a more open space， and then try again.”　　6. We presently found a nice grassplot4， at one side of which I took my stand； and all things being prepared， I tossed the kite up just as little John ran off. It rose with all the dignity5 of a balloon， and promised a lofty flight； but John， delighted to find it pulling so hard at the string， stopped short to look upward and admire. The string slackened， the kite wavered， and， the wind not being very favorable， down came the kite to the grass. “O John， you should not have stopped，” said I. “However， try again.”　　7. “I won't try any more，” replied he， rather sullenly. “It is of no use， you see. The kite won't fl y， and I don't want to be plagued with it any longer.” “Oh， fie， my little man！ would you give up the sport， after all the pains we have taken both to make and to fl y the kite？ A few disappointments6 ought not to discourage7 us. Come， I have wound up your string， and now try again.”　　8. And he did try， and succeeded， for the kite was carried upward on the breeze as lightly as a feather； and when the string was all out， John stood in great delight， holding fast the stick and gazing on the kite， which now seemed like a little white speck in the blue sky. “Look， look， aunt， how high it fl ies！ and it pulls like a team of horses， so that I can hardly hold it. I wish I had a mile of string： I am sure it would go to the end of it.”　　9. After enjoying the sight as long as he pleased， little John proceeded to roll up the string slowly； and when the kite fell， he took it up with great glee8， saying that it was not at all hurt， and that it had behaved very well. “Shall we come out to-morrow， aunt， after lessons， and try again？”　　10. “I have no objection， my dear， if the weather is fine. And now， as we walk home， tell me what you have learned from your morning's sport.” “I have learned to fl y my kite properly.” “You may thank aunt for it， brother，” said Lucy， “for you would have given it up long ago， if she had not persuaded you to try again.”　　11. “Yes， dear children， I wish to teach you the value of perseverance，1 even when nothing more depends upon it than the flying of a kite. Whenever you fail in your attempts to do any good thing， let your motto2 be，-try again.”　　EXERCISES.-What is the subject of this lesson？ Why was John discouraged in his attempts to fly his kite？ What did his aunt say to him？ What may we learn from this？ What should be our motto if we expect to be successful？　　【中文閱讀】　　1.“ 能不能給我的風(fēng)箏助個(gè)力？”我的小侄子對(duì)他妹妹說(shuō)。之前他在地上拖著風(fēng)箏，試著讓它飛起來(lái)，但是失敗了。他的妹妹露西熱心地舉起風(fēng)箏，將它拋向空中，可是哥哥沒(méi)有在同時(shí)起跑，于是風(fēng)箏又摔了下來(lái)?！　?.“ 唉呀！你怎么這么笨手笨腳的！”小家伙說(shuō)。“這全都是你的錯(cuò)。”他妹妹反駁道。我說(shuō)：“孩子們，再試一次。”　　3. 露西再一次把風(fēng)箏拿了起來(lái)。但這回約翰太心急了，他起跑得過(guò)于突然，把露西拿著的風(fēng)箏扯得脫了手，結(jié)果像之前一樣以失敗告終。“現(xiàn)在是誰(shuí)的錯(cuò)了？”露西問(wèn)道。“再試試。”我說(shuō)?！　?. 他們又試了一次，這次更加小心了。但忽然從側(cè)面來(lái)了一陣大風(fēng)，當(dāng)露 西松手放飛風(fēng)箏的時(shí)候，它被吹到了一片灌木叢中，尾部一時(shí)間纏繞在了一起，可憐的風(fēng)箏就頭向下掛在了樹(shù)叢中?！　?.“ 看吧，看吧！”約翰叫道，“這就是你把它拋向一邊的結(jié)果。”“好像我能讓風(fēng)直著吹似的。” 露西說(shuō)。與此同時(shí)，我過(guò)去幫忙撿風(fēng)箏。解開(kāi)了風(fēng)箏的長(zhǎng)尾巴，我一邊把它收起來(lái)一邊說(shuō)：“來(lái)吧，孩子們，這里樹(shù)叢太多，我們?nèi)フ覀€(gè)更開(kāi)闊的地方，然后再試一次吧。”　　6. 不一會(huì)兒，我們找到了一片非常不錯(cuò)的草地，我在草地一邊站定。一切都準(zhǔn)備就緒，我將風(fēng)箏高高地向上拋起，約翰開(kāi)始起跑。風(fēng)箏像氣球一樣穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地飛了起來(lái)，似乎有希望可以飛得很高。但是當(dāng)約翰發(fā)現(xiàn)它在用力地扯動(dòng)風(fēng)箏 線時(shí)，他大喜過(guò)望，頓時(shí)停下腳步抬頭欣賞起來(lái)。線一松，風(fēng)箏開(kāi)始搖擺，加 上風(fēng)勢(shì)不太理想，它一下子掉在了草地上。“噢，約翰，剛才你不應(yīng)該停下，” 我說(shuō)道，“不管怎么說(shuō)，再來(lái)一次吧。”　　7.“ 我不想再試了”，他回答道，“你看到了，這根本沒(méi)用。風(fēng)箏飛不起來(lái)，我可再也不想讓它折磨我了。”“得了，我的小男子漢！之前我們費(fèi)了那么大勁 做風(fēng)箏、放風(fēng)箏，難道你想放棄了？我們不應(yīng)該被一點(diǎn)小小的挫折弄得灰心喪 氣。來(lái)吧，我給你繞好風(fēng)箏線，現(xiàn)在再來(lái)試一次。”　　8. 他的確又試了一次，這一次成功了，風(fēng)箏像一片羽毛一樣輕盈地被風(fēng)吹著飛上了天空。當(dāng)線都用完了，約翰站在那兒興高采烈地凝望著風(fēng)箏，手里緊緊攥著風(fēng)箏桿。這時(shí)，風(fēng)箏在蔚藍(lán)的天空下看上去就像一張小小的白紙片。“姨媽?zhuān)炜矗炜?，它飛得多高?。「杏X(jué)像有一群馬在拉繩子，我都快 拽不住了。我多希望繩子有一英里那么長(zhǎng)啊，我相信既使那么長(zhǎng)，我的風(fēng)箏 也能飛到頭。”　　9. 直到他欣賞夠了，小約翰才開(kāi)始慢慢地收回風(fēng)箏線。風(fēng)箏一落地，他就滿心歡喜地?fù)炝似饋?lái)，說(shuō)它毫發(fā)未損，剛才的表現(xiàn)棒極了。“姨媽?zhuān)覀兠魈煜?課后還可以出來(lái)玩兒?jiǎn)幔窟€可以再來(lái)一次嗎？”　　10.“親愛(ài)的，只要天氣好，我沒(méi)有任何意見(jiàn)?，F(xiàn)在我們回家。邊走邊告訴我，你從上午的戶外活動(dòng)中學(xué)到些什么。”“我學(xué)會(huì)了用正確的方法放風(fēng) 箏。”“弟弟，你可得感謝姨媽?zhuān)?rdquo;露西說(shuō)道，“要不是姨媽一再勸你再試一次，你肯定早就放棄了。”　　11.“沒(méi)錯(cuò)，孩子們，盡管還有很多事比放風(fēng)箏更需要堅(jiān)持不懈的精神，但我希望能夠通過(guò)這件事教給你們這種精神的意義所在。以后每當(dāng)你在遇到挫折時(shí)，給自己的座右銘應(yīng)該是--再試一次。”　　LESSON 3 WHY THE SEA IS SALT　　海水為什么是咸的　　Mary Howitt was born in 1804， at Coleford， England. She wrote many charming stories for children in prose and verse， and also translated many from Swedish， Danish， and German authors. This story is arranged from one in a collection named “Peter Drake's Dream， and Other Stories.” She died in 1888.　　1. There were， in very ancient times， two brothers， one of whom was rich， and the other poor. Christmas was approaching， but the poor man had nothing in the house for a Christmas dinner； so he went to his brother and asked him for a trifling  gift.　　2. The rich man was ill-natured， and when he heard his brother's request he looked very surly. But as Christmas is a time when even the worst people give gifts， he took a fi ne ham down from the chimney， where it was hanging to smoke， threw it at his brother， and bade him begone and never to let him see his face again.　　3. The poor man thanked his brother for the ham， put it under his arm， and went his way. He had to pass through a great forest on his way home. When he had reached the thickest part of it， he saw an old man， with a long， white beard， hewing timber. “Good evening，” said he to him.　　4. “Good evening，” returned the old man， raising himself up from his work， and looking at him. “That is a fine ham you are carrying.” On this， the poor man told him all about it.　　5. “It is lucky for you，” said the old man， “that you have met with me. If you will take that ham into the land of the dwarfs， the entrance to which lies just under the roots of this tree， you can make a capital bargain with it； for the dwarfs are very fond of ham， and rarely get any. But mind what I say： you must not sell it for money， but demand for it the 'old hand mill 1which stands behind the door.' When you come back， I'll show you how to use it.”　　6. The poor man thanked his new friend， who showed him the door under a stone below the roots of the tree， and by this door he entered into the land of the dwarfs. No sooner had he set his foot in it， than the dwarfs swarmed about him， attracted2 by the smell of the ham. They offered him queer， old-fashioned money and gold and silver ore for it； but he refused all their tempting offers， and said that he would sell it only for the old hand mill behind the door.　　7. At this， the dwarfs held up their little old hands， and looked quite perplexed3. “We can not make a bargain， it seems，” said the poor man， “so I'll bid you all a good day.”　　8. The fragrance4 of the ham had by this time reached the remote parts of dwarf land. The dwarfs came flocking around in little troops， leaving their work of digging out precious ores， eager for the ham.　　9. “Let him have the old mill，” said some of the newcomers； “it is quite out of order， and he don't know how to use it. Let him have it， and we will have the ham.”　　10. So the bargain was made. The poor man took the old hand mill， which was a little thing not half so large as the ham， and went back to the woods. Here the old man showed him how to use it. All this had taken up a great deal of time， and it was midnight before he reached home.　　11. “Where in the world have you been？” said his wife. “Here I have been waiting and waiting， and we have no wood to make a fire， nor anything to put into the porridge pot for our Christmas supper.”　　12. The house was dark and cold； but the poor man bade his wife wait and see what would happen. He placed the little hand mill on the table， and began to turn the crank. First， out there came some grand， lighted wax candles， and a fire on the hearth， and a porridge pot boiling over it， because in his mind he said they should come first. Then he ground out a tablecloth， and dishes， and spoons， and knives and forks.　　13. He was himself astonished at his good luck， as you may believe； and his wife was almost beside herself with joy and astonishment. Well， they had a capital supper； and after it was eaten， they ground out of the mill every possible thing to make their house and themselves warm and comfortable. So they had a merry Christmas eve and morning.　　【中文閱讀】　　瑪麗 · 豪伊特，1804 年生于英國(guó)科爾福德。她以詩(shī)歌和散文的形式為孩 子們寫(xiě)下了許多動(dòng)人的故事，同時(shí)還翻譯了不少瑞典、丹麥和德國(guó)作家的作 品。這則故事節(jié)選自《彼特 · 德雷克之夢(mèng)和其他故事》系列叢書(shū)。她于 1888 年辭世?！　?. 很久很久以前，有兩個(gè)兄弟，其中一個(gè)很富有，另外一個(gè)很貧窮。圣誕 節(jié)即將來(lái)臨，窮人家里沒(méi)有任何吃的可以做圣誕晚餐，于是他去找他的兄弟， 希望能從他那里得到一點(diǎn)微不足道的小禮物?！　?. 那個(gè)富人生性惡毒，當(dāng)他聽(tīng)說(shuō)了他兄弟的請(qǐng)求時(shí)，他看起來(lái)異常粗暴。 但是由于在圣誕節(jié)時(shí)連最壞的人都要送出禮物，他便從煙囪里取下一塊正在熏 制的上好火腿，扔給了他的兄弟，并命令他趕快滾開(kāi)，再也不要讓他看見(jiàn)?！　?. 窮人將火腿夾在胳膊下就上路了?；丶衣飞闲枰┻^(guò)一大片森林，當(dāng)他 到達(dá)森林最深處時(shí)，看到了一位留著長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)白胡須的老人正在伐木。“晚上好，” 他對(duì)老人說(shuō)。　　4. 老人從勞作中直起腰，看著他回答道：“晚上好。”“ 你拿的這塊火腿看起 來(lái)很不錯(cuò)。”于是，窮人把有關(guān)火腿的事源源本本地告訴了老人?！　?. 老人說(shuō)：“遇到我是你運(yùn)氣好。如果你帶著火腿去矮人國(guó)，你可以用這個(gè) 跟他們大大地討價(jià)還價(jià)一番，因?yàn)樗麄兎浅Ｏ矚g火腿，可是很難弄到。去那里 的入口就在這棵樹(shù)的樹(shù)根下面。但是請(qǐng)記住我的話：你一定不能為了錢(qián)去賣(mài)火 腿，而是要交換'門(mén)后面那臺(tái)老舊的手工磨粉機(jī)'。等你回來(lái)后，我會(huì)告訴你如 何使用它。”　　6. 老人指給他看樹(shù)根下的大石頭，石頭下面就是通向矮人國(guó)的大門(mén)，窮人 謝過(guò)了他的新朋友，順著這個(gè)門(mén)走了進(jìn)去。當(dāng)他的雙腳剛剛踏上矮人國(guó)的地盤(pán)， 火腿的味道把矮人們?nèi)嘉诉^(guò)來(lái)，他們蜂擁而至，把他團(tuán)團(tuán)圍住。他們想 用很多奇異的古老錢(qián)幣以及金銀寶石來(lái)交換火腿，但他拒絕一切誘人的條件， 說(shuō)他只想用火腿換門(mén)后的那臺(tái)老式手工磨粉機(jī)?！　?. 矮人們看起來(lái)對(duì)他的這一舉動(dòng)感到非常困惑不解，紛紛舉起他們飽經(jīng)滄 桑的小手。窮人說(shuō)：“看來(lái)我們沒(méi)法達(dá)成一致了，祝大家都有愉快的一天。”　　8. 此時(shí)此刻，火腿的香氣已經(jīng)飄到了矮人國(guó)的深處，矮人們迫不及待地想 得到火腿，全都丟下手里正在挖掘的珍貴寶石，成群結(jié)隊(duì)向他簇?fù)磉^(guò)來(lái)?！　?. 一些剛剛到達(dá)的矮人們說(shuō)：“把那臺(tái)老磨粉機(jī)給他吧，反正也不能用了， 況且他也不知道怎么用。給他吧，這樣火腿就歸我們了。”　　10. 交易就這么完成了。那臺(tái)老舊的手工磨粉機(jī)非常小巧，還沒(méi)有火腿的 一半大。窮人拿著它回到了森林里，他的那位新朋友告訴了他如何操作。整個(gè) 過(guò)程花費(fèi)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，他回到家時(shí)已經(jīng)是后半夜了?！　?1.“ 你到底上哪兒去了？”他妻子問(wèn)道，“我在家里等啊等，既沒(méi)有木頭 生火，也沒(méi)有任何食物能下鍋熬粥準(zhǔn)備圣誕晚餐。”　　12. 屋子里又黑又冷，但窮人讓他妻子再等一會(huì)兒，看看會(huì)發(fā)生什么。他 將那臺(tái)小小的手工磨粉機(jī)放在桌上，開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)手柄。首先出現(xiàn)的是一些華麗的 燃燒著的蠟燭、壁爐里的火焰、一鍋沸騰著要流出來(lái)的粥，因?yàn)樵谒X海里， 他覺(jué)得這些應(yīng)該最先出現(xiàn)。隨后他又不斷地磨啊磨，出現(xiàn)了一塊臺(tái)布、一些碟 子、勺子和刀叉?！　?3. 就像你想象的一樣，連他自己都驚訝于他的好運(yùn)氣；他的妻子又高興 又吃驚，幾乎不能自已。于是，他們享用了一頓豐盛的晚餐。用餐完畢，他們 又磨出了能使他們的屋子和他們自己感到溫暖舒適的各種物品。這樣一來(lái)，他 們度過(guò)了一個(gè)非常美妙的圣誕前夜和圣誕節(jié)清晨。　　LESSON 4 WHY THE SEA IS SALT(CONCLUDED)　　海水為什么是咸的（結(jié)束篇）　　1. When the people went by the house to church， the next day， they could hardly believe their eyes. There was glass in the windows instead of a wooden shutter， and the poor man and his wife， dressed in nice new clothes， were seen devoutly1 kneeling in the church.　　2. “There is something very strange in all this，” said everyone. “Something very strange indeed，” said the rich man， when three days afterwards he received an invitation from his once poor brother to a grand feast. And what a feast it was！ The table was covered with a cloth as white as snow， and the dishes were all of silver or gold. The rich man could not， in his great house， and with all his wealth， set out such a table.　　3. “Where did you get all these things？” exclaimed he. His brother told him all about the bargain he had made with the dwarfs， and putting the mill on the table， ground out boots and shoes， coats and cloaks， stockings， gowns， and blankets， and bade his wife give them to the poor people that had gathered about the house to get a sight of the grand feast the poor brother had made for the rich one.　　4. The rich man was very envious of his brother's good fortune， and wanted to borrow the mill， intending-for he was not an honest man- never to return it again. His brother would not lend it， for the old man with the white beard had told him never to sell or lend it to anyone.　　5. Some years went on， and， at last， the possessor of the mill built himself a grand castle on a rock by the sea， facing the west. Its windows， reflecting2 the golden sunset， could be seen far out from the shore. It became a noted landmark3 for sailors. Strangers from foreign parts often came to see this castle and the wonderful mill of which the most extraordinary1 tales were told.　　6. At length， a great foreign merchant came， and when he had seen the mill， inquired whether it would grind salt. Being told that it would， he wanted to buy it； for he traded in salt， and thought that if he owned it he could supply all his customers without taking long and dangerous voyages. 7. The man would not sell it， of course. He was so rich now that he did not want to use it for himself； but every Christmas he ground out food and clothes and coal for the poor， and nice presents for the little children. So he rejected all the offers of the rich merchant. The merchant， however， determined to have it； he bribed one of the man's servants to let him go into the castle at night， and he stole the mill and sailed away with it in triumph.　　8. He had scarcely got out to sea， before he determined to set the mill to work. “Now， mill， grind salt，” said he； “grind salt with all your might！- salt， salt， and nothing but salt！” The mill began to grind and the sailors to fill the sacks； but these were soon full， and in spite of all that could be done， it began to fill the ship.　　9. The dishonest merchant was now very much frightened. What was to be done？ The mill would not stop grinding； and at last the ship was overloaded， and down it went， making a great whirlpool2 where it sank. The ship soon went to pieces； but the mill stands on the bottom of the sea， and keeps grinding out “salt， salt， nothing but salt！” That is the reason， say the peasants3 of Denmark and Norway， why the sea is salt.　　EXERCISES.-How did the poor man fi nd the way to the land of the dwarfs？ Do you think the old man would have told him if the poor man had not been so polite？ How did the poor man treat his rich brother in return for his unkindness？ How was the greed of the dishonest merchant punished？ What is meant by “strangers from foreign parts”？ Where are Denmark and Norway？ 【中文閱讀】　　1. 第二天，當(dāng)人們?nèi)ソ烫寐愤^(guò)他家時(shí)，他們簡(jiǎn)直不敢相信自己的眼睛。他家窗戶上不再是木頭窗板，而是裝上了玻璃。人們看到那個(gè)窮人和他妻子穿著體面的新衣服跪在教堂祈禱。 2. 每個(gè)人都說(shuō)：“這其中肯定發(fā)生了非常奇怪的事。”“的確有奇怪的事發(fā)生，”有錢(qián)人說(shuō)道。之后第三天，他接到了那位曾經(jīng)一貧如洗的兄弟發(fā)來(lái)的請(qǐng)柬，邀請(qǐng)他去享用一頓盛宴。那是怎樣的一個(gè)盛宴啊！餐桌上鋪著雪白雪白的桌布，餐具不是金的就是銀的。即便是在有錢(qián)人的大房子里，傾其所有，也準(zhǔn)備不出這樣一張餐桌?！　?.“ 你是從哪里弄到這些東西的？”他大叫道。他兄弟源源本本地告訴了他和矮人們做的交易的事，并把磨粉機(jī)放在桌子上轉(zhuǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)出了靴子和鞋子，衣服和披風(fēng)，還有長(zhǎng)襪、女士長(zhǎng)袍和毯子。窮人讓妻子把這些東西分給那些圍觀的窮人們，他們聚集在房子周?chē)?，想?lái)看看窮兄弟為有錢(qián)人準(zhǔn)備的大餐?！　?. 有錢(qián)人非常嫉妒他兄弟的好運(yùn)氣，想要借走磨粉機(jī)--由于他是一個(gè)不 講誠(chéng)信的人，他根本沒(méi)打算歸還。他的兄弟沒(méi)有答應(yīng)，因?yàn)榘缀永险咴?jīng)告誡他不要把磨粉機(jī)借給或賣(mài)給任何人。　　5. 許多年過(guò)去了，磨粉機(jī)的擁有者終于為他自己建造了一座很大的城堡。它坐落在緊臨海邊的巖石上，朝向西方。每當(dāng)夕陽(yáng)西下的時(shí)候，窗戶上便會(huì)反射上金色的余暉，從距離海邊很遠(yuǎn)的地方就能看到，這也就成了水手們眼中的顯著標(biāo)志物。通常有很多外鄉(xiāng)的陌生人慕名而來(lái)，就是想看看這座城堡以及這臺(tái)出現(xiàn)在最不同尋常的傳說(shuō)故事中的磨粉機(jī)。　　6. 終于有一天，一位外國(guó)富商來(lái)到這里。當(dāng)他看到磨粉機(jī)時(shí)，詢問(wèn)它是否能夠用來(lái)出鹽。得到肯定答復(fù)后，他想要買(mǎi)下它。因?yàn)樗麖氖碌氖躯}業(yè)貿(mào)易，想著如果擁有了這臺(tái)機(jī)器，他不用冒著危險(xiǎn)遠(yuǎn)渡涉水就能為顧客供應(yīng)食鹽了?！　?. 磨粉機(jī)的所有者當(dāng)然不會(huì)賣(mài)掉它。他現(xiàn)在家境富裕，根本不想為了自己的利益去使用它了，而是在每年圣誕節(jié)時(shí)用它為窮人們磨出衣服和煤火，為小孩子們磨出漂亮的禮物。因此，他拒絕了富商的一切出價(jià)。但富商一心想得到 磨粉機(jī)，于是他賄賂了富人身邊的一名侍從，在夜間放他進(jìn)入了城堡。他真的偷到了磨粉機(jī)，帶著勝利的喜悅乘船離去?！　?. 他坐的船剛到海上，他就打算開(kāi)始讓磨粉機(jī)工作了。“磨粉機(jī)，現(xiàn)在出鹽，”他說(shuō)，“開(kāi)足馬力出鹽嘍！--鹽、鹽、除了鹽還是鹽！”磨粉機(jī)開(kāi)始不停地出鹽，水手們則把鹽都裝進(jìn)了麻袋；這些袋子不一會(huì)兒就全裝滿了，盡管所有能做的都做了，但鹽還是把整艘船全裝滿了?！　?. 這個(gè)不誠(chéng)實(shí)的富商現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始感覺(jué)非常害怕了。還能做些什么呢？磨粉機(jī)不停地出鹽，最后船變得極度超重，整個(gè)翻了過(guò)去，船沉沒(méi)時(shí)掀起了巨大的旋 渦。不一會(huì)兒，船身四分五裂，但磨粉機(jī)留在了深深的海底，還在不停地出著 鹽。“鹽、鹽、除了鹽還是鹽”，丹麥和挪威的農(nóng)民常說(shuō)，海水為什么是咸的， 這就是原因所在。　　……

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