狹義相對(duì)論

前言

在學(xué)校教書多年，當(dāng)學(xué)生（特別是本科生）問有什么好的參考書時(shí)，我們所能推薦的似乎除了教材還是教材，而且不同教材之間的差別并不明顯、特色也不鮮明。所以多年前我們就開始醞釀，希望為本科學(xué)生引進(jìn)一些好的參考書，為此清華大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)科學(xué)系的許多教授與清華大學(xué)出版社共同付出了很多心血。這里首批推出的十余本圖書，是從Springer出版社的多個(gè)系列叢書中精心挑選出來的。在叢書的籌劃過程中，我們挑選圖書最重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并不是完美，而是有特色并包容各個(gè)學(xué)派（有些書甚至有爭議，比如從數(shù)學(xué)上看也許不夠嚴(yán)格），其出發(fā)點(diǎn)是希望我們的學(xué)生能夠吸納百家之長；同時(shí)，在價(jià)格方面，我們也做了很多工作，以使得本系列叢書的價(jià)格能讓更多學(xué)校和學(xué)生接受，使得更多學(xué)生能夠從中受益。本系列圖書按其定位，大體有如下四種類型（一本書可以屬于多類，但這里限于篇幅不能一一介紹）。

內(nèi)容概要

本書按照相關(guān)物理歷史的發(fā)展順序及數(shù)學(xué)內(nèi)部邏輯順序，完整、系統(tǒng)地講授狹義相對(duì)論，是作者在汲取了多年教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和前輩相關(guān)專著（講義）的精華，并進(jìn)行了多次修改后形成的較為完美和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)陌姹?。書中精心配置了練?xí)題（部分習(xí)題取自牛津大學(xué)考試題）并在附錄中對(duì)部分習(xí)題給出了提示和注解。本書適合理科專業(yè)（包括力學(xué)）大學(xué)二年級(jí)本科生，或具有較扎實(shí)的本科線性代數(shù)和微積分知識(shí)的學(xué)生用作教學(xué)用書，也適于研究生、教師作為教學(xué)參考書使用。

作者簡介

作者：(美國)伍德豪斯(N.M.J.Woodhouse)

書籍目錄

1. Relativity in Classical Mechanics　1.1  Frames of Reference　1.2  Relativity　1.3  Frames of Reference　1.4  Newton's Laws　1.5  Galilean Transformations　1.6  Mass, Energy, and Momentum　1.7  Space-time　1.8  *Galilean Symmetries　1.9  Historical Note2. Maxwell's Theory　2.1  Introduction　2.2  The Unification of Electricity and Magnetism　2.3  Charges, Fields, and the Lorentz Force Law　2.4  Stationary Distributions of Charge　2.5  The Divergence of the Magnetic Field　2.6  Inconsistency with Galilean Relativity　2.7  The Limits of Galilean Invariance　2.8  Faraday's Law of Induction　2.9  The Field of Charges in Uniform Motion　2.10 Maxwell's Equations　2.11 The Continuity Equation　2.12 Conservation of Charge　2.13 Historical Note3. The Propagation of Light　3.1  The Displacement Current　3.2  The Source-free Equations　3.3  The Wave Equation　3.4  Monochromatic Plane Waves　3.5  Polarization　3.6  Potentials　3.7  Gauge Transformations　3.8  Photons　3.9  Relativity and the Propagation of Light　3.10 The Michelson-Morley Experiment4. Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity　4.1  Lorentz's Contraction　4.2  Operational Definitions of Distance and Time　4.3  The Relativity of Simultaneity　4.4  Bondi's k-Factor　4.5  Time Dilation　4.6  The Two-dimensional Lorentz Transformation　4.7  Transformation of Velocity　4.8  The Lorentz Contraction　4.9  Composition of Lorentz Transformations　4.10 Rapidity　4.11 *The Lorentz and Poincare Groups5. Lorentz Transformations in Four Dimensions　5.1  Coordinates in Four Dimensions　5.2  Four-dimensional Coordinate Transformations　5.3  The Lorentz Transformation in Four Dimensions　5.4  The Standard Lorentz Transformation　5.5  The General Lorentz Transformation　5.6  Euclidean Space and Minkowski Space　5.7  Four-vectors　5.8  Temporal and Spatial Parts　5.9  The Inner Product　5.10 Classification of Four-vectors　5.11 Causal Structure of Minkowski Space　5.12 Invariant Operators　5.13 The Frequency Four-vector　5.14 *Affine Spaces and Covectors6. Relative Motion　……7. Relativistic Collisions8. Relativistic Electrodynamics9. *Tensors and IsometriesNotes on ExercisesVector CalculusBibliographyIndex

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：1.2 RelativityThe principle of relativity emerges from thinking about another freedom in the choice of frame——its motion. We are used to taking the earth as defining a standard of rest and to building into our intuition about the behavior of mechanical systems the notion that the frame of reference is fixed; that is that it is fixed relative to the earth. This is reasonable in the context of terrestrial problems; but it has to be set aside, sometimes in a way that is quite hard to picture, in problems that involve motion over large distances. The rotation of the earth, for example, can be discounted in laboratory experiments, although its effects can just be observed in the behavior of Foucault's pendulum. It is not ignorable in the large-scale behavior of the weather （it causes air to circulate in an anti-clockwise direction around a region of low pressure in the Northern hemisphere）; and it would be an unnecessary handicap to insist on working in a frame fixed to the earth in predicting the trajectory of a comet or planetary probe.The idea that we are also free to choose the motion of the frame predates the formulation of the laws of motion. It is put very clearly in Galileo's Dialogue concerning the two chief world systems [3].

編輯推薦

《狹義相對(duì)論》：與一般物理學(xué)教科書相比，《狹義相對(duì)論》的最大特點(diǎn)是它的完備性和嚴(yán)格性，并且不涉及過深的數(shù)學(xué)。《狹義相對(duì)論》自成體系，作者給出了所有主要定律的完整推導(dǎo)（部分?jǐn)?shù)學(xué)關(guān)系式放在附錄中），因此任何具有較扎實(shí)的本科線性代數(shù)和微積分知識(shí)的學(xué)生都可以讀懂此書?！丢M義相對(duì)論》的觀點(diǎn)和對(duì)問題的詮釋是嚴(yán)肅的，作者對(duì)物理學(xué)定律的數(shù)學(xué)推導(dǎo)相當(dāng)嚴(yán)格和相當(dāng)自然。它有助于讀者消除著名物理學(xué)家維格納提出的所謂“數(shù)學(xué)為什么這樣無道理地有效”的迷惑。此外作者從數(shù)學(xué)上給出的一般性也十分有助于讀者理解近代發(fā)展起來的高等物理學(xué)體系。書中體現(xiàn)的物理與數(shù)學(xué)的有機(jī)結(jié)合生動(dòng)詮釋了伽利略的名言：“大自然是一部用數(shù)學(xué)語言寫成的巨著”。不僅如此，《狹義相對(duì)論》作者還通過對(duì)線性代數(shù)、微積分、場論等數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)的運(yùn)用進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)并貫穿這樣的觀點(diǎn)：數(shù)學(xué)的真諦和發(fā)展存在并產(chǎn)生于物理或自然規(guī)律及其發(fā)現(xiàn)中。精讀此書將有助于理解物理學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)之間的整體關(guān)系。

圖書封面

圖書標(biāo)簽Tags

無

評(píng)論、評(píng)分、閱讀與下載

---

    狹義相對(duì)論 PDF格式下載

---