弦論（第2卷）

內容概要

When I first decided to write a book on string theory, more than ten years ago, my memories of my student years were much more vivid than they are today. Still, I remember that one of the greatest pleasures was finding a text that made a difficult subject accessible, and I hoped to provide the same for string theory.     Thus, my first purpose was to give a coherent introduction to string theory, based on the Polyakov path integral and conformal field theory. No previous knowledge of string theory is assumed. I do assume that the reader is familiar with the central ideas of general relativity, such as metrics and curvature, and with the ideas of quantum field theory through non- Abelian gauge symmetry. Originally a full course of quantum field theory was assumed as a prerequisite, but it became clear that many students were eager to learn string theory as soon as possible, and that others had taken courses on quantum field theory that did not emphasize the tools needed for string theory. I have therefore tried to give a self-contained introduction to those tools.     A second purpose was to show how some of the simplest four- dimensional string theories connect with previous ideas for unifying the Standard Model, and to collect general results on the physics of four- dimensional string theories as derived from world-sheet and spacetime symmetries. New developments have led to a third goal, which is to intro- duce the recent discoveries concerning string duality, M-theory, D-branes, and black hole entropy.

作者簡介

Joseph Polchinski received his Ph.D.from the University of California at Berkeley in 1980. After postdoctoral fellowships at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center and Harvard, he Joined the faculty at the University of Texas at Austin in 1984, moving to

書籍目錄

Foreword Preface Notation 10 Type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ superstrings 　10.1 The superconformal algebra 　10.2 Ramond and Neveu-Schwarz sectors 　10.3 Vertex operators and bosonization 　10.4 The superconformal ghosts 　10.5 Physical states 　10.6 Superstring theories in ten dimensions 　10.7 Modular invariance 　10.8 Divergences of type I theory 　Exercises 11 The heterotic string 　11.1 World-sheet supersymmetries 　11.2 The SO(32) and E8 x E8 heterotic strings 　11.3 Other ten-dimensional heterotic strings 　11.4 A little Lie algebra 　11.5 Current algebras 　11.6 The bosonic construction and toroidal compactification 　Exercises 12 Superstring interactions  12.1 Low energy supergravity  12.2 Anomalies  12.3 Superspace and superfields  12.4 Tree-level amplitudes  12.5 General amplitudes  12.6 One-lop amplitudes　Exercises 13 D-branes  13.1 T-duality of type ⅡStrings  13.2 T-duality of gype Ⅰstrings  13.3 The D-brane charge and action  13.4 D-brane interactions: Statics  13.5 D-brane interactions: dynamics  13.6 D-brane interactions: bound states  Exercises14 Strings at strong coupling15 Advanced CFT16 Orbifolds17 Calabi-Yau compactification18 Physics in four dimensions19 Advanced topicsAppendix B: Spinors and SUSY in various dimensionsReferencesGlossaryIndex

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