美國(guó)文化與社會(huì)

前言

　　我國(guó)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)本科教學(xué)與學(xué)科建設(shè)，伴隨著我國(guó)改革開(kāi)放的步伐，得到了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展和提升。回顧這30多年英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教學(xué)改革和發(fā)展的歷程，無(wú)論是英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教學(xué)大綱的制訂、頒布、實(shí)施和修訂，還是四、八級(jí)考試的開(kāi)發(fā)與推行，以及多項(xiàng)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)改革項(xiàng)目的開(kāi)拓，無(wú)不是圍繞英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)科建設(shè)和人才培養(yǎng)而進(jìn)行的，正如《高等學(xué)校英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱》提出的英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)，即培養(yǎng)“具有扎實(shí)的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)和廣博的文化知識(shí)并能熟練地運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)在外事、教育、經(jīng)貿(mào)、文化、科技、軍事等部門(mén)從事翻譯、教學(xué)、管理、研究等工作的復(fù)合型英語(yǔ)人才?！睘榇龠M(jìn)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)本科建設(shè)的發(fā)展和教學(xué)質(zhì)量的提高，外語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教學(xué)指導(dǎo)委員會(huì)還實(shí)施了“新世紀(jì)教育質(zhì)量改革T程”，包括推行“十五”、“十一五”國(guó)家級(jí)教材規(guī)劃和外語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)國(guó)家精品課程評(píng)審，從各個(gè)教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)加強(qiáng)對(duì)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)質(zhì)量的宏觀監(jiān)控，從而確保為我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)輸送大量的優(yōu)秀人才。　　跨人新世紀(jì)，英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的建設(shè)面臨新的形勢(shì)和任務(wù)：經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、科技一體化、文化多元化、信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)加快，世界各國(guó)之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日趨激烈，這對(duì)我國(guó)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)本科教學(xué)理念和培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)；大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)改革如火如荼；數(shù)字化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化等多媒體教學(xué)輔助手段在外語(yǔ)教學(xué)中廣泛應(yīng)用和不斷發(fā)展；英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)本科教育的改革和學(xué)科建設(shè)也呈現(xiàn)出多樣化的趨勢(shì)，翻譯專(zhuān)業(yè)、商務(wù)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)相繼誕生——這些變化和發(fā)展無(wú)疑對(duì)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)科定位、人才培養(yǎng)以及教材建設(shè)提出了新的、更高的要求。　　上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)外教社）在新世紀(jì)之初約請(qǐng)了全國(guó)30余所著名高校百余位英語(yǔ)教育專(zhuān)家，對(duì)面向新世紀(jì)的英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)本科生教材建設(shè)進(jìn)行了深入、全面、廣泛和具有前瞻性的研討，成功地推出了理念新穎、特色明顯、體系完備的“新世紀(jì)高等院校英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)本科生系列教材”，并被列入“十五”國(guó)家級(jí)規(guī)劃教材，以其前瞻性、先進(jìn)性和創(chuàng)新性等特點(diǎn)受到全國(guó)眾多使用院校的廣泛好評(píng)?！　∶鎸?duì)快速發(fā)展的英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)本科教育，如何保證專(zhuān)業(yè)的教學(xué)質(zhì)量，培養(yǎng)具有國(guó)際視野和創(chuàng)新能力的英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)人才，是國(guó)家、社會(huì)、高校教師共同關(guān)注的問(wèn)題，也是教材編撰者和教材出版者關(guān)心和重視的問(wèn)題。

內(nèi)容概要

本書(shū)是“新世紀(jì)高等院校英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)本科生系列教材”之一。     本書(shū)較客觀地闡述了美國(guó)的建立及其社會(huì)的組成、各歷史階段的政治、文化、種族、宗教、家庭、娛樂(lè)、運(yùn)動(dòng)等情況，對(duì)這個(gè)年輕的國(guó)家作了較詳細(xì)的介紹。     本書(shū)不僅是英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)本科生必修課程的教材，也是對(duì)美國(guó)社會(huì)與文化感興趣的讀者特別值得推薦的讀本。

書(shū)籍目錄

Chapter 1  The American Land:A Panoramic ViewChapter 2  Human Resources:A Nation of ImmigrantsChapter 3  Human Resources:Ethnic Minorities in AmericaChapter 4  American Politics and GovernmentChapter 5  American EconomyChapter 6  American EducationChapter 7  Law and Judicial System in AmericaChatper 8  American Cultural ValuesChapter 9  Mass Media in AmericaChapter 10  Religio in AmericaChapter 11  American LaborChapter 12  American WomenChapter 13  American FamiliesChapter 14  Marriage and Divorce in AmericaChapter 15  Mass Leisure in AmericaChapter 16  American SportsTest Yourself：100 QuestionsBibliography

章節(jié)摘錄

　　The love of place was the earliest pulling force that broughtimmigrants to the American shores.　The settlers came fromcountries of their own where they had loved the familiar land, skies,rivers and hills.　The American landscape in their eyes was strange,untidy and mysterious. The continent was wild, vast and grand with aluxuriance of plant and animal life that struck all the early explorers whobrought with them "the eye of discovery. " They liked the place anddecided to stay and live there. Out of their extraordinary experienceswith the new environment, they created a nation called the UnitedStates of America.　　It has been said that America is a nation with an abundance ofgeography but a shortage of history.　There is some truth in thisstatement. After all, it took less than 400 years for the national territoryto expand from 865,000 square miles of the original 13 states, with apopulation of 3.9 million, to 3,549,000 square miles, with about303.8 million people living in todays 50-state U. S. A.　In fact,Americans took over the bulk of their national domain within the lastcentury and a half. Even today, much of the United States remainsonly thinly populated and hardly tamed by civilization.　　Every nation is, in part, a country and, in part, a people. Thecountry of the United States is one of great opportunity and one ofconsiderable challenge as well. Opportunity consists of the favorableposition of America, its spaciousness, and the wealth of naturalresources. Challenge lies in overcoming the physical barriers of reliefand distance, and the hazards of flood, drought and frost. In theprocess of conquering the continent, Americans have reshaped the faceof their land, leaving behind them a record of glorious achievements aswell as dismal failures. Reversely, in their constant intimate encounterswith that massive land, Americans themselves have been shaped andreshaped by the entirely new environment, molding and forging theirnational character in a unique fashion.

編輯推薦

　　新世紀(jì)高等院校英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)本科生系列教材(修訂版)旨在打造完整的英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)科體系，全面促進(jìn)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言技能、學(xué)科素養(yǎng)和創(chuàng)新能力的培養(yǎng)，必將為我國(guó)培養(yǎng)國(guó)際化、創(chuàng)新型、高素質(zhì)的英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)人才奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)！　　權(quán)威性和先進(jìn)性的體現(xiàn)：按照《高等學(xué)校英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱》提出的培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)、課程設(shè)置、教學(xué)要求和教學(xué)原則精心設(shè)計(jì)，凝聚海內(nèi)外英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教育界專(zhuān)家學(xué)者的智慧，反映英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教育、科研的最新成果?！　∏罢靶院蛣?chuàng)新性的結(jié)晶：基于廣泛的市場(chǎng)調(diào)研、詳盡的需求分析和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)目茖W(xué)判斷，梳理現(xiàn)有教程，優(yōu)化教材結(jié)構(gòu)，更新教學(xué)方法和手段，強(qiáng)化學(xué)生綜合能力的培養(yǎng)?！　?zhuān)業(yè)素質(zhì)和人文素養(yǎng)的同步提升：專(zhuān)業(yè)技能、專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)、相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)的完美匹配，幫助學(xué)生打下扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基本功，增強(qiáng)其分析問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題的能力，提高專(zhuān)業(yè)素質(zhì)和人文素養(yǎng)，使學(xué)生真正成為國(guó)際化、創(chuàng)新型、高素質(zhì)的英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)人才。

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