出版時(shí)間:2010-1 出版社:華東理工大學(xué)出版社 作者:龔嶸 編 頁(yè)數(shù):219
前言
語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)之良方 語(yǔ)法與詞匯是英語(yǔ)知識(shí)體系中兩個(gè)重要組件,也是聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)譯等語(yǔ)言技能的重要基礎(chǔ)。對(duì)于個(gè)體英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者而言,英語(yǔ)詞匯知識(shí)浩瀚博大,幾乎是學(xué)無(wú)止境,而語(yǔ)法規(guī)則卻是有限的知識(shí)體系。因此在中學(xué)階段熟練掌握完整英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)是現(xiàn)實(shí)可及的目標(biāo),而其對(duì)于邏輯思維與細(xì)節(jié)分析能力較強(qiáng)的學(xué)習(xí)者,語(yǔ)法知識(shí)是可以速成的,關(guān)鍵在于采用漸進(jìn)式高效學(xué)習(xí)法?! ?.對(duì)于早期學(xué)習(xí)者(約5-7年級(jí)),語(yǔ)法啟蒙老師至關(guān)重要。經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明,初學(xué)者過(guò)早接受大量語(yǔ)法術(shù)語(yǔ)與規(guī)則理論的講解,不宜過(guò)早跳人題海,尤其是語(yǔ)法選擇題。建議初學(xué)者精讀典型語(yǔ)篇,類(lèi)似《新概念英語(yǔ)(2)》小短文,識(shí)辨文中每句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)及各類(lèi)動(dòng)詞形式,在識(shí)辨過(guò)程中逐步熟悉典型語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象,為后期歸納分析打下感性認(rèn)知的基礎(chǔ)?! ?.對(duì)于中期學(xué)習(xí)者(約8-10年級(jí)),結(jié)合教師或語(yǔ)法書(shū)籍對(duì)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的顯性講解,系統(tǒng)、深入學(xué)習(xí)各項(xiàng)詞法與句法知識(shí)點(diǎn),從而構(gòu)建整體語(yǔ)法框架,期間尤其注意有序?qū)W習(xí),走好每一環(huán)節(jié),不可跳躍,比如,主、謂、賓、定、狀等句法功能知識(shí)的缺損會(huì)直接影響定語(yǔ)從句與非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的學(xué)習(xí);時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)的薄弱則會(huì)妨礙賓語(yǔ)從句的掌握?! ?.對(duì)于晚期學(xué)習(xí)者(約11-12年級(jí)),大量專(zhuān)項(xiàng)分類(lèi)與綜合試題訓(xùn)練不失為提分良策,練習(xí)中歸納梳理所有知識(shí)點(diǎn),補(bǔ)充細(xì)節(jié)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn),做好錯(cuò)誤分析,從而提高解題速度與正確率。
內(nèi)容概要
語(yǔ)言技能是構(gòu)成語(yǔ)言交際能力的重要組成部分。語(yǔ)言技能包括聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)四個(gè)方面的技能以及這四種技能的綜合運(yùn)用能力。 “聽(tīng)”,在語(yǔ)言技能中處于首位。那么,如何提高學(xué)生“聽(tīng)”的能力?編者認(rèn)為,應(yīng)該以課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、教學(xué)大綱和考試大綱為依據(jù),以達(dá)到某級(jí)聽(tīng)力水平為目標(biāo)。為此,編者策劃編寫(xiě)了本書(shū),以“靠綱不靠本”為原則,按照最新教學(xué)大綱、考試大綱和課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求編寫(xiě)。
書(shū)籍目錄
2009年全國(guó)各地高考語(yǔ)法分類(lèi)總覽Unit 1 動(dòng)詞初識(shí) 一、動(dòng)詞的種類(lèi) 二、動(dòng)詞的句法功能 1.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞與基本句型 2.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與基本句型的詞序 [考點(diǎn)]疑問(wèn)代詞、疑問(wèn)副詞的具體含義及其相應(yīng)回答 考點(diǎn)自測(cè)Unit 2 名詞 一、名詞的種類(lèi) 二、名詞的數(shù) 1.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則 2.名詞的特殊復(fù)數(shù)形式 [考點(diǎn)]可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞“大量”的表達(dá)法 [考點(diǎn)]“復(fù)合名詞”的單復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題 [考點(diǎn)]“單復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞”與“主謂語(yǔ)數(shù)的一致”原則 [考點(diǎn)]漢語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)概念誤導(dǎo)現(xiàn)象 [考點(diǎn)]orange,Work,room等具體名詞含義不同,要求采用不同的單、復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)形式 [考點(diǎn)]抽象名詞用作單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、不可數(shù)形式時(shí)的不同意義 [考點(diǎn)]集體名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題 三、名詞的屬格 1.屬格的基本構(gòu)成 [考點(diǎn)]必須使用“-’s”屬格的情況 [考點(diǎn)]必須使用-of屬格的情況 [考點(diǎn)]名詞定語(yǔ)與“名詞+-'s”屬格的區(qū)別 [考點(diǎn)]“-’s”屬格中的省略 [考點(diǎn)]如何表達(dá)兩人共有的所屬關(guān)系 2.名詞的雙重屬格 [考點(diǎn)]雙重屬格的使用局限 考點(diǎn)自測(cè)Unit 3 冠詞 一、冠詞的種類(lèi)與基本用法 1.不定冠詞:a/an 2.定冠詞:the 3.零冠詞 二、冠詞的用法 1.不定冠詞的用法 2.定冠詞的用法 3.零冠詞的用法 [考點(diǎn)]an+元音音素 [考點(diǎn)]the+名詞+修飾語(yǔ) [考點(diǎn)]school,hospital等詞的零冠詞現(xiàn)象 [考點(diǎn)]a+人名 [考點(diǎn)]the表語(yǔ)境特指 [考點(diǎn)]“the+單數(shù)名詞”表類(lèi)指 [考點(diǎn)]“零冠詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表類(lèi)指 [考點(diǎn)]專(zhuān)有名詞中的冠詞用法 [考點(diǎn)]a/the+名詞+and+名詞 [考點(diǎn)]a+形容詞+抽象名詞 [考點(diǎn)]“以計(jì)量”的表達(dá)法 考點(diǎn)自測(cè)Unit 4 代詞 一、代詞的種類(lèi) 二、人稱(chēng)代詞的用法 1.人稱(chēng)代詞的格 2.人稱(chēng)代詞的句法功能 (1)主格與賓格 ?。?)“be+人稱(chēng)代詞”結(jié)構(gòu) [考點(diǎn)]人稱(chēng)代詞在比較分句中的用法 [考點(diǎn)]人稱(chēng)代詞的排列順序問(wèn)題 三、物主代詞 1.物主代詞的種類(lèi) 2.物主代詞的句法功能 ?。?)形容詞性物主代詞起限定作用 ?。?)名詞性物主代詞作主、賓、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ) ?。?)名詞性物主代詞用于雙重屬格 [考點(diǎn)]物主代詞與人稱(chēng)代詞的區(qū)分 四、反身代詞 1.反身代詞的概念 2.反身代詞的句法功能 (1)反身代詞作同位語(yǔ) ?。?)反身代詞作賓語(yǔ) [考點(diǎn)]根據(jù)句意判斷代詞的句法功能 [考點(diǎn)]反身代詞不能單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ) [考點(diǎn)]某些動(dòng)詞后常用反身代詞 [考點(diǎn)]根據(jù)句意區(qū)分人稱(chēng)、物主、反身代詞的指代關(guān)系 五、不定代詞 1.all,both [考點(diǎn)]根據(jù)all,both在句中的句法功能判斷其所處位置 [考點(diǎn)]all作強(qiáng)調(diào)副詞時(shí)的位置問(wèn)題 [考點(diǎn)]all的單復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題 2.everyone/everybody,everything,every one,each,either [考點(diǎn)]each,any,every的區(qū)別——指“三者還是兩者” [考點(diǎn)]each和every的區(qū)別——every的固定搭配 [考點(diǎn)]each與either的區(qū)別 [考點(diǎn)]each在句中的靈活位置 3.some,any,something,somebody,anybody,anything [考點(diǎn)]some與any的用法差異 4.nobody,nothing,none,neither,no one [考點(diǎn)]no one,nobody與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“數(shù)”的一致性 [考點(diǎn)]none與no one差異 [考點(diǎn)]固定搭配none but/nothing but/anything but 5.neither/no/not any [考點(diǎn)]neither of與none of差異——指“三者還是兩者” [考點(diǎn)]no與not的語(yǔ)氣差異 6.one/that/it [考點(diǎn)]one與that,it的區(qū)別 [考點(diǎn)]one不能替代不可數(shù)名詞 7.another/the other/others [考點(diǎn)]other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)=others [考點(diǎn)]another,more與數(shù)詞的搭配用法 [考點(diǎn)]the other與the rest的區(qū)別 8.指示代詞:this/that/these/those [考點(diǎn)]that指代抽象名詞或不可數(shù)名詞 [考點(diǎn)]this和that的區(qū)別 [考點(diǎn)]those指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞 9.實(shí)義it與虛義it ?。?)虛義it在表時(shí)間、距離、日期、天氣、溫度等意義的句子中作主語(yǔ) ?。?)虛義it表一種籠統(tǒng)的情況 ?。?)虛義it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ) ?。?)虛義it充當(dāng)形式賓語(yǔ) [考點(diǎn)]虛義it表籠統(tǒng)情況 [考點(diǎn)]it籠統(tǒng)指代前句所提的情況 [考點(diǎn)]形式賓語(yǔ)it 考點(diǎn)自測(cè)Unit 5 形容詞與副詞 一、形容詞的句法功能 1.充當(dāng)定語(yǔ) 2.充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 3.形容詞詞組 [考點(diǎn)]只能充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)的形容詞 [考點(diǎn)]多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一名詞時(shí)的順序問(wèn)題 [考點(diǎn)]形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí)的位置 [考點(diǎn)]形容詞短語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)的位置 [考點(diǎn)]表“有關(guān)的”形容詞的位置 二、復(fù)合形容詞 [考點(diǎn)]復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞用單數(shù) [考點(diǎn)]復(fù)合形容詞中動(dòng)詞-ed/-ing形式區(qū)分 三、副詞的句法功能 1.副詞的位置 ?。?)副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)的位置 (2)副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)的位置 [考點(diǎn)]頻度副詞的位置 [考點(diǎn)]“be+副詞+v-ed”結(jié)構(gòu) 2.幾組易混淆的副詞 ?。?)already,still,yet [考點(diǎn)]already,still,yet在肯定、否定、疑問(wèn)句中的用法限制 [考點(diǎn)]yet的固定搭配 (2)since,long [考點(diǎn)]long的用法限制 ?。?)directly,direct;free,freely;late,lately;high,highly,nast,justly等同源副詞 [考點(diǎn)]同源副詞差異 (4)never,ever (5)fairly,quite,very,rather/pretty等程度副詞 [考點(diǎn)]fairly與rather的褒貶語(yǔ)氣差異 ?。?)quite,quite a [考點(diǎn)]quite+極端形容詞 [考點(diǎn)]quite修飾動(dòng)詞的用法 (7)rery,muck,very much,highly,too much,much too [考點(diǎn)]very much的位置 [考點(diǎn)]very修飾名詞現(xiàn)象 [考點(diǎn)]very,much對(duì)“-ed"類(lèi)形容詞的修飾 [考點(diǎn)]highly修飾-ed形容詞 [考點(diǎn)]much too,too much,rather too (8)almost,nearly [考點(diǎn)]not nearly固定搭配用法……Unit 6 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Unit 7 時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)Unit 8 主從復(fù)合句——狀語(yǔ)從句Unit 9 主從復(fù)合句——名詞性從句Unit 10 主從復(fù)合句——定語(yǔ)從句Unit 11 非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)Unit 12 虛擬語(yǔ)氣Unit 13 特殊句型Unit 14 主謂一致與平行結(jié)構(gòu)
章節(jié)摘錄
58. I____go hiking alone in the mountains, but my parents didnt allow it. A. had meant to B. meant to C. was meaning to D. have meant to 59. Were you surprised to see him at the meeting?——Yes, I didnt think he___there. A. were B. will be C. would be D. is 60. Ive got a headache. —— No wonder. You____in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked 61. When he retires, Mr. Window___for over twenty years, but his classes are never dull. A. will be teaching B. will have been teaching C. has been teaching D. is going to have taught 62. I got caught in the rain and my suit___ A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined 63. When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike___to become a world champion by his coach and parents. A. expected B. was expecting C. was expected D. would be expected 64. Your hair wants____you had better have it done tomorrow. A. being cut B. to cut C. cutting D. cut 65. Once environmental damage, it takes many years for the system to recover (恢復(fù)). A. has done B. will be done C. is to be done D. is done 66. Clothing of synthetic material____more easily than that of cotton or wool. A. are washed B. is washed C. washes D. wash 67. He_____to win her love. A. determines B. is determined to C. has determined D. is determining 68. Be careful!Our house____ A. is painted B. is getting painted C. has painted D. painted 69. Some environmental issues are global and can only____through international cooperation. A. be solved B. solve C. to solve D. to be solved 70. Some scenic spots are so beautiful that they are worthy____a second time. A. visiting B. to visit C. of being visited D. to be visited 71. By the time the tedious lecture comes to an end, most of the listeners____asleep. A. will fall B. will be falling C. will have fallen D. have fallen 72. She left home at 18 and_____heard of since. A. hadnt been B. wasnt C. hasnt been D. hasnt
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