英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作知識(shí)與技能

前言

　　英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作是英語(yǔ)愛(ài)好者和大學(xué)生的一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)，也是一種情趣。寫(xiě)作初學(xué)者往往需要花費(fèi)很大工夫進(jìn)行磨練，逐步掌握寫(xiě)作知識(shí)和各種技巧，以期提高寫(xiě)作水平。有一定寫(xiě)作基礎(chǔ)的人。尤其是英語(yǔ)專業(yè)本科生和非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的研究生或本科生，雖然往往提筆便能成章，但仍然需要精益求精，努力達(dá)到爐火純青之境地?？上驳氖牵诟鞣N大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)作文比賽，以及專業(yè)英語(yǔ)四、八級(jí)、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)作文考試中，常有佳作脫穎而出。令人耳目一新。然而，受東方思維模式以及漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣的干擾，依然有許多學(xué)生英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作欠佳。有的學(xué)生4年本科臨近畢業(yè)，填一份英語(yǔ)表格仍感困難。在英文寫(xiě)作中，比如說(shuō)“畢業(yè)論文”，且不說(shuō)一系列格式（各個(gè)院校有自己的規(guī)定），有的還沒(méi)寫(xiě)上幾句就出現(xiàn)多處錯(cuò)誤。細(xì)微處如標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，要么使用不當(dāng)，要么濫用，有的甚至連字母的大小寫(xiě)都掌握不好。當(dāng)然，較低年級(jí)的學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作方面存在的問(wèn)題不會(huì)更小。筆者曾多次在學(xué)生作文中（不過(guò)，偶爾也在出版的寫(xiě)作書(shū)籍中）見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣或類似的句子：“In my opinion，I think we university students should support ourselves by our own labor to：finish OUT studies.”這是一個(gè)流暢的句子，但這個(gè)句子的靠前部分，有一處實(shí)在是多余的。全句本來(lái)是一個(gè)很好的句子，但由于In my opinion和I think兩個(gè)語(yǔ)義重疊的短語(yǔ)用在一起，破壞了整體意義結(jié)構(gòu)，使其顯得累贅，成了一個(gè)不夠完美的句子。滴水映日，可見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的訓(xùn)練和提高，無(wú)論是對(duì)老師的教學(xué)，還是對(duì)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)而言，無(wú)疑是任重而道遠(yuǎn)?！　”緯?shū)的撰寫(xiě)，旨在為本科英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生、大學(xué)外語(yǔ)學(xué)生以及相當(dāng)于同等水平的學(xué)習(xí)者傳授英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作知識(shí)和寫(xiě)作技巧，幫助他們迅速增強(qiáng)寫(xiě)作能力，提高寫(xiě)作水平。

內(nèi)容概要

本書(shū)是一部集英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作綜合知識(shí)和各種寫(xiě)作技巧訓(xùn)練于一體的實(shí)用性書(shū)籍。全書(shū)用英文撰寫(xiě)，共分十章。系統(tǒng)地闡述了英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中各種規(guī)則、正確使用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，選詞、用詞以及修辭格。涵蓋了各種典型句子類型的分析和有效句子的寫(xiě)作、段落的種類和構(gòu)成、主要應(yīng)用文的運(yùn)用和幾種常用文體等的相關(guān)知識(shí)和寫(xiě)作手段，以及寫(xiě)作技能的訓(xùn)練。如何寫(xiě)摘要、短評(píng)和讀書(shū)報(bào)告，怎樣寫(xiě)學(xué)術(shù)論文等?！　?nèi)容新穎，涉及范圍較廣，可作為教材，也可作為工具書(shū)。有助于專業(yè)英語(yǔ)和大學(xué)英語(yǔ)各類學(xué)生、出國(guó)人員以及有一定英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)的人學(xué)習(xí)和掌握寫(xiě)作知識(shí)與技巧，提高英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作能力。

書(shū)籍目錄

Chapter One 　Fundamental Knowledge 　1.1 General Remarks 　1.2 Basic Rules of Manuscript Form 　1.3 Handwriting 　1.4 Punctuation ASSIGNMENTSChapter Two　Phraseology 　2.1 General Remarks 　2.2 Types of Words 　2.3 Sorts of Lexical Item 　2.4 Levels of Words 　2.5 Meaning of Words 　2.6 Choice of Words 　2.7 Appreciation of Skillful Diction 　ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Three 　Making Right and Effective Sentences 　3.1 General Remarks 　3.2 Types of Sentences 　3.3 Effective Sentences 　ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Four 　Rhetorical Devices 　4.1 General Remarks 　4.2 The Function of Figures In Writing 　4.3 Commonly Used Figures 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Five The Practical Writing 　5.1 General Remarks 　5.2 Types of Practical Writing 　ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Six 　The Paragraph 　6.1 General Remarks 　6.2 Features of a Paragraph 　6.3 Structure of a Paragraph 　6.4 How to write good paragraphs 　6.5 Appreciation of effective paragraphs 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　6.6 Ways of Expanding a Paragraph 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　ASSIGNMENTS:ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Seven 　Organizing the Whole Composition 　7.1 General Remarks 　7.2 Basic Principles 　7.3 Structure of Writing 　7.4 Stages of Writing 　7.5 Samples of the whole composition 　ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Eight Types of writing 　8.1 General Remarks 　8.2 Different Types of Compositions of TEM-4 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　8.3 Description 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　8.4 Narration 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　8.5 Exposition 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　8.6 Argumentation 　ASSIGNMENTS: 　8.7 Writing Different Compositions by Assigning Subjects Chapter Nine The Summary, Brief Comment and Book Report 　9.1 General Remarks 　9.2 Practice of Writing Summary, Brief 　Comment, and Book Report 　ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Ten The Academic Paper 　10.1 General Remarks 　10.2 General Principles and Techniques 　10.3 Layout and Process 　10.4 Format 　10.5 Samples of Academic Papers 　ASSIGNMENTS: APPENDIX BIBLIOGRAPHY

章節(jié)摘錄

　　A proper choice of words in our writing is of utlnost importance for acquiring effective sentences in a paragraph，even effective para-graphs of the whole essay.To be more exact，a pleasing and Successful essay，to a certain extent，depends on using accurate words.　　As an experienced writer，he is usually good at choosing most proper words in his writing.As a writing learner.who is quite inferior，may sometimes use wrong words in his writing，or more often the words he uses are not entirely wrong，but inappropriate，inexact，unidiomatic or unattractive.For instance：　　a）People construct homes，and families make houses.　　b）Carelessness is the major reason of his failure in the exam.　　c）The retired professor takes healthy exercise every morning.　　d）After divorce，Mr.Andre formed the rule of drinking every night.　　e）Eating dumpling on the Eve of Lunar New Year is a Chinese habit.　　f）7 Although young animals are certainly in risk sometimes for weeks or even months after birth，they can be protected and would finally survive.　　g）？Frequently，committees rely on outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings and to make out detailed studies of issues.　　Interpret：AU the above sentences are faulty.We Can analyze and improve each of them.In Sentence a）“construct”is somewhat a big word，and“make houses”is inappropriately used here.The whole sentence should be improved as：“People build houses，and families make homes.”

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