出版時間:2009-8 出版社:科學出版社 作者:(英)特納 等主編 頁數:370
前言
轉眼間,自從精要速覽系列《分子生物學》第二版出版以來已有五年時間。在這短短五年里,分子生物學領域有許多值得關注的事件與發(fā)現(xiàn)。令我們印象深刻的是這本教科書不僅在英國本土,而且是在世界范圍內,受到學生們的歡迎,已成為較為流行的課本之一。本書已被譯成葡萄牙語、土耳其語、波蘭語、法語、日語和中文等多種語言。正是因為如此,遠到加德滿都和伊斯坦布爾,近至我們自己的家園的熱心讀者都給我們發(fā)來了他們寶貴的意見和建議。我們非常感謝這些讀者的寶貴意見,讓我們聽到了他們的聲音,這有助于我們在第三版時進行改進。雖然本書只是對分子生物學的一個基本概述,但自第二版出版至今本學科已經發(fā)生了重大的進展。這些進展包括:整個小RNA分子領域,涉及microRNAs和RNA干擾技術,因此我們不得不更新了相關章節(jié)以求將這些新知識包含其中。另一重要的進展在于基因組學、蛋白組學、細胞成像和生物信息學方面,使我們意識到這些領域在未來將會產生重要且快速的突破,于是我們不得不在本書的最后,增加了兩個章節(jié)來介紹上述這些快速發(fā)展的話題,如此處理會大大簡化第三版修訂與編排。在此特別感謝那些促成本書順利出版的同仁,他們是Sarah Carlson,Liz Owen和Alison Nick,感謝他們的鼓勵與耐心。更要謝謝我們的家人,因為圖書編寫占用了大量本應屬于他們的時間,以至于我們無暇顧家庭時,他們也從不抱怨。最后衷心希望第三版能夠繼續(xù)幫助同學們學習、掌握分子生物學——生物學中一個非常有趣的學科領域。
內容概要
“精要速覽系列(Instant Notes Series)”叢書是國外教材“Best Seller”榜的上榜教材。該系列結構新穎,視角獨特;重點明確,脈絡分明;圖表簡明清晰;英文自然易懂,被國內多所重點院校選用作為雙語教材?! 〉谌嬖诘诙婊A上進行修訂。對人類基因研究、RNA調控、組蛋白修飾、表觀遺傳學、人類進化等新近研究進行重點補充和調整,其他各章節(jié)也進行了修訂?! ”緯m合普通高等院校生命科學、醫(yī)學、農學等相關專業(yè)使用,也可作為雙語教學參考教材使用。
書籍目錄
第三版前言第二版前言第一版前言縮略詞A 細胞與大分子 A1 細胞分類 A2 亞細胞器 A3 生物大分子 A4 大分子的組裝B 蛋白質結構 B1 氨基酸 B2 蛋白質結構與功能 B3 蛋白質分析法C 核酸的性質 C1 核酸結構 C2 核酸的理化特性 C3 核酸的光譜學和熱力學特性 CA DNA超螺旋D 原核與真核生物的染色體結構 D1 原核生物的染色體結構 D2 染色質結構 D3 真核生物的染色體結構 D4 基因組復雜度 D5 遺傳信息流E DNA復制 E1 DNA復制概述 E2 細菌的DNA復制 E3 細胞周期 E4 真核生物的DNA復制F DNA損傷、修復與重組 F1 誘變 F2 DNA損傷 F3 DNA修復 F4 重組G 基因操作 G1 DNA克隆概述 G2 質粒DNA的制備 G3 限制酶與電泳 G4 連接、轉化與重組體分析H 克隆載體 H1 質粒載體的設計 H2 噬菌體載體 H3 黏粒、YAC與BAC H4 真核生物載體I 基因文庫與篩選 11 基因組文庫 12 CDNA文庫 13 篩選流程J 克隆DNA的分析與應用 J1 克隆的鑒定 J2 核酸測序 J3 聚合酶鏈反應 J4 克隆基因的組構 J5 克隆基因的誘變 J6 克隆技術的應用K 原核生物的轉錄 K1 轉錄的基本原則 K2 大腸桿菌RNA聚合酶 K3 大腸桿菌σ70啟動子 K4 轉錄的起始、延伸與終止L 原核生物的轉錄調控 L1 乳糖操縱子 L2 色氨酸操縱子 L3 不同σ因子對轉錄的調節(jié)M 真核生物的轉錄 M1 三種RNA聚合酶:性質與功能 M2 RNA聚合酶Ⅰ基因:核糖體重復 M3 RNA聚合酶Ⅲ基因:5S基因與tRNA基因的轉錄 M4 RNA聚合酶Ⅱ基因:啟動子與增強子 M5 通用轉錄因子與RNA聚合酶Ⅱ的起始N 真核生物的轉錄調控 N1 真核生物的轉錄因子 N2 轉錄調控舉例O RNA加工與核糖核蛋白復合體 01 rRNA加工與核糖體 02 tRNA的加工、RNA酶P和核酶 03 mRNA加工、hnRNP和snRNP 04 可變mRNA加工P 遺傳密碼與tRNA ……Q 蛋白質合成R 噬菌體與真核生物病毒S 腫瘤病毒與癌基因T 功能基因組與新技術U 生物信息學進一步閱讀的文獻索引
章節(jié)摘錄
The genome of viruses is defined by its state in the mature virion, and variesbetween virus families. Unlike the genomes of true organisms, the virus genomecan consist of DNA or RNA, which may be double- or single-stranded. In someviruses, the genome consists of a single molecule of nucleic acid, which maybe linear or circular, but in others it is segmented or diploid. Single-strandedviral genomes are described as positive sense (i.e. the same nucleotide sequenceas the mRNA), negative sense or ambi-sense (in which genes are encoded inboth senses, often overlapping; see Topic P1). Not all virions have a complete or functional genome, indeed the ratio of thenumber of virus particles in a virus preparation (as counted by electronmicroscopy) to the number of infectious particles (determined in cell culture)is usually greater than 100 and often many thousands. Genomes unable to repli-cate by themselves may be rescued during co-infection of a cell by the productsof replication-competent wild-type genomes of helper viruses, or of genomes with different mutations or deletions in a process known as complementation (see Topic H2). The replication/transcription strategies of viruses vary enormously from group to group, and depend largely on the type of genome. DNA viruses may make more use of the host cells nucleic acid polymerases than RNA viruses. DNA viruses with large genomes, such as herpesvirus (see Topic R3), are often more independent of host cell replication and transcription machinery than are viruses with small genomes, such as SV40, a papovavirus (see Topic R3). RNA viruses require RNA-dependent polymerases which are not present in the normal host cell and must, therefore, be encoded by the virus. Some RNA viruses such as the retroviruses encode a reverse transcriptase (an RNA-dependent DNA poly- merase) to replicate their RNA genome via a DNA intermediate (see Topic R4). The dependence of viruses on host cell functions for replication, and the requirements for specific cell-surface receptors determine host cell specificity. Cells capable of supplying the metabolic requirements of virus replication are said to be permissive to infection. Host cells which cannot provide the necessary requirements for virus replication are said to be nonpermissive. Under some circumstances, however, nonpermissive cells may be infected by viruses and the virus may have marked effects on the host cell such as cell transformation (see Topic R3 and Section S). Some viruses damage the cells in which they replicate, and if enough cells are damaged then the consequence is disease. It is important to realize that viruses do not exist in order to cause disease, but simply because they are able to repli- cate. In many circumstances, virulence (the capacity to cause disease) may be selectively disadvantageous (i.e. it may decrease the capacity for viral replica- tion) but in others it may aid transmission. The evolution of virulence often results from a trade-off between damaging the host and maximizing transmis- sion. The virulence mechanisms of viruses fall into six main categories: ?。╥) Accidental damage to cellular metabolism (e.g. competition for enzymesand nucleotides, or growth factors essential for virus replication). ?。╥i) Damage to the cell membrane during transmission between cells (e.g. celllysis by many bacteriophages or cell fusion by herpesviruses). ?。╥ii) Disease signs important for transmission between hosts (e.g. sneezingcaused by common cold viruses, behavioral changes by rabies virus).
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