英語詞匯學(xué)教程

前言

　　詞匯是語言的一種基本材料。脫離詞匯，言語活動(dòng)就無法順利進(jìn)行。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和社會(huì)活動(dòng)的多樣化，新的英語詞匯在不斷增加。近年來，語言學(xué)研究不斷深入，各種新理論不斷涌現(xiàn)，為詞匯研究提供了新視角。為了適應(yīng)這種形勢(shì)，我們編寫了這本《英語詞匯學(xué)教程》?！　∮⒄Z詞匯學(xué)是我國高校英語專業(yè)學(xué)生的一門專業(yè)知識(shí)課。這是一門以當(dāng)代語言學(xué)理論為指導(dǎo)，重在揭示現(xiàn)代英語詞匯的普遍規(guī)律，分析英語詞匯的各種現(xiàn)象以及英語詞匯的演變和發(fā)展，深入研究英語詞匯的專業(yè)課程。了解詞匯學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)理論和詞匯的構(gòu)詞有助于幫助學(xué)習(xí)者了解英語的詞匯特征，擴(kuò)大英語詞匯量，提高正確使用英語詞匯的能力?！　”緯瞧胀ǜ叩冉逃笆晃濉眹壹?jí)規(guī)劃教材。在編寫過程中，我們力求跟蹤學(xué)科理論的發(fā)展，充分體現(xiàn)英語專業(yè)本科教育的特點(diǎn)，教材的深度和廣度上有利于學(xué)生掌握?qǐng)?jiān)實(shí)寬廣的詞匯學(xué)基礎(chǔ)理論知識(shí)，體現(xiàn)詞匯學(xué)研究的前沿，提高學(xué)生在實(shí)際交際中正確使用英語詞匯的能力，了解到詞匯研究的發(fā)展?！　”緯葦⑹鲇⒄Z詞匯的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)特征，又討論英語詞匯與社會(huì)文化、認(rèn)知的關(guān)系，力圖內(nèi)容充實(shí)，充分體現(xiàn)英語詞匯研究的成果。全書分為九章，可安排在一個(gè)學(xué)期完成。第一章先明確詞匯學(xué)定義，然后討論詞匯的特征和詞類。第二章介紹了詞匯研究的幾個(gè)基本概念，如詞素、詞位詞義、詞根、詞干等，還探討了一詞多義和同音／形異義現(xiàn)象。第三章介紹了英語詞匯的發(fā)展，涉及各個(gè)時(shí)期英語的詞匯特征和英語的借詞，還涉及了美國英語的一些詞匯特點(diǎn)。第四章討論了英語的構(gòu)詞法，涉及屈折變化、派生、復(fù)合、轉(zhuǎn)換、混合、縮略、逆構(gòu)詞法等多種構(gòu)詞方式。第五章討論同義、反義、上下義、部分一整體義、搭配、隱喻延伸等各種詞義關(guān)系。第六章專門討論習(xí)語、多詞動(dòng)詞和成語。第七章敘述英語的各類詞典以及詞典的結(jié)構(gòu)特征，介紹了幾部具有代表性的英語詞典。第八章從英語詞匯使用的角度描述了詞匯在方言、語域和語體中的表現(xiàn)，還涉及了禁忌語、委婉語、俚語、術(shù)語、語義轉(zhuǎn)移等。第九章從認(rèn)知的角度考察了心理詞匯、隱喻、空間詞匯等。　　全書用英語寫成，語言力求淺顯易懂，以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生閱讀英語專業(yè)書籍的能力。每一章均附上練習(xí)題。這些習(xí)題便于學(xué)生掌握所學(xué)的知識(shí)，并應(yīng)用所學(xué)知識(shí)分析具體的詞匯現(xiàn)象，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生解決問題和分析問題的能力。

內(nèi)容概要

　　在編寫過程中，我們力求跟蹤學(xué)科理論的發(fā)展，充分體現(xiàn)英語專業(yè)本科教育的特點(diǎn)，教材的深度和廣度上有利于學(xué)生掌握?qǐng)?jiān)實(shí)寬廣的詞匯學(xué)基礎(chǔ)理論知識(shí)，體現(xiàn)詞匯學(xué)研究的前沿，提高學(xué)生在實(shí)際交際中正確使用英語詞匯的能力，了解到詞匯研究的發(fā)展。

書籍目錄

Chapter 1 Lexicology and Words1.1 Introduction1.2 What Is Lexicology?1.2.1 Morphology and Semantics1.2.2 Etymology and Lexicography1.3 What 0s a Word?1.3.1 Difficulties in the Definition ofthe Word1.3.2 Major Features ofWords1.4 Words in Linguistic Analysis1.5 Word Classes1.6 Lexical and Grammatical Words1.7 Words and Semantic FieldsExercisesChapter 2 Some Basic Concepts and Word Meanings2.1Introduction2.2 Morpheme，Lexeme and Morph2.2.1 Morpheme2.2.2 Lexeme2.2.3 Morph2.2.4 Types ofMorphemes2.3 Word Meanings2.3.1 Denotation and Reference2.3.2 Denotation and Sense2.4 Seven types of Meaning2.4.1 Conceptual Meaning2.4.2 Connotative Meaning2.4.3 Social and Affective Meanings2.4.4 Reflected and Collocative Meanings2.4.5 Thematic Meaning2.5 Root and Stem2.6 Polysemy2.7 HomonymyExercisesChapter 3 The Origins of EnglishWords3.1Introduction3.2 The Development of English3.3 The Historical Periods of English3.3.1 Old English Period(450-1066)3.3.2 The Middle English Period(1066-1500)3.3.3 EarlyModern English Period(1500.1800)3.3.4 The Modern English Period(1800一present)3.4 American English3.5 Native English Vocabulary3.6 Major Influences on English3.6.1 The Scandinavian Influence3.6.2 The Norman Conquest3.6.3 The Latin Influence3.7 Borrowings in English3.7.1 Latin words in English3.7.2 Greek and French Loanwords3.7.3 German，Dutch and Italian Loanwords3.7.4 Loanwords from dle East3.7.5 Loanwords from Other Sources3.8 The Size of English Vocabulary3.9 Creation of New English Words3.9.2 Onomatopoeic words and Ejaculations3.9.3 Wbrd formationExercisesChapter 4 Word Formation in English4.1 Introduction4.2 Inflection and Derivation4.2.1 Definition ofInflection4.2.2 Functions of Inflection4.2.3 DerivationalAffix4.2.4 Functions of Derivations4.2.5 Types ofDerivational Affix4.3 Compounding4.3.1 Definition of Compounding4.3.2 Characteristics of Compounds4.3.3 Common Patterns of compounds4.4 Other Word.formation Processes4.4.2 Blending4.4.3 Shortenings4.5 Backformation4.6 Words from Proper Names and Metanalysis4.6.1 Words from Proper Names4.6.2 MetanalysisExercisesChapter 5 Sense Relations5.1 Introduction5.2 Characteristics of Sense Relations5.3 Synonymy5.3.1 Two Types of Synonymy5.3.2 Difference Among Synonyms5.4 Antonymy5.4.1 Gradable Antonyms5.4.2 Complementary Antonyms5.4.3 Converse antonyms5.5 Hyponymy5.6 Meronymy5.7 Collocation5.7.1 Free and Fixed Combinations5.7.2 Grammatical Collocations5.7.3 Lexical Collocations5.7.4 0ther Features of Collocation5.8 Metaphorical ExtensionExercisesChapter 6 Idioms Multiword Verbs and Proverbs6.1Introduction6.2 Idioms6.2.1 Classification ofIdioms6.2.2 Different Aspects of Idioms6.3 Multiword verbs6.4 ProverbsExercisesChapter 7 English Dictionaries7.1Introduction7.2 Organization of the Entry7.2.1 Headword7.2.2 Pronunciation……

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Many people tend to think of the word in visual terms that is，as ameaningful group of letters printed or written down in a piece of paper.Sucha casual concepuon，of course，is little more than a reflection of the millions 0fwords which appear on pages of textbooks，journals，newspapers，magazines and novels.Linguists have traditionally depended on the written W0rd asprimary source material for defining the essential meanings of words.　Some linguists regard the study of spoken word as more important thanthe study of the written.Children learn to master the sounds of a languagebasic grammatical structure and an elementary vocabulary,long before theVlearn to write.Historically,the spoken word comes first。The earliest evidenCeof writing dates back about several thousand years.　The word may be defined differently depending on whether We focuson itsrepresentauon,the thought which it expresses，or purely formalcriteria.Therehave been several types of definitions.Jackson and Amvela（2 000）classify thescdefinitions into three types.

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