出版時間:2009-10 出版社:上海交通大學(xué)出版社 作者:甄鳳超 頁數(shù):270 字數(shù):335000
前言
對于把英語作為外語的學(xué)習者來說,其他產(chǎn)出性或接受性語言能力(如寫作能力、閱讀能力等)的提高未必能保證口語交際能力的提高,原因是口語交際能力除了發(fā)音技巧之外,還包含使用交互策略等能力。然而,同閱讀、寫作以及詞匯學(xué)習等研究相比,對于學(xué)習者口語的研究還較欠缺,主要是由于口語交際屬于瞬息性活動,并且難以保證學(xué)習者口語交際樣本數(shù)據(jù)的有效性。此外,研究者通常把研究書面語的模式應(yīng)用到對口語語料的研究中。學(xué)習者英語口語語料庫的開發(fā)為研究學(xué)習者的口語提供了大量真實語料。本書基于“大學(xué)學(xué)習者英語口語語料庫”(College Learners’Spoken English Corpus,簡稱COLSEC),試圖從定量和定性的角度分析中國學(xué)習者的英語口語特征?! 』谇叭说睦碚摵蛯嵶C研究,本書假設(shè)學(xué)習者的英語口語交際能力同他們的總體語言能力水平呈正相關(guān),并包括以下主要成分:圖式知識、語言能力、語用能力和策略能力。語言能力,作為學(xué)習者一種較為隱合的知識結(jié)構(gòu),不僅包括語音、詞匯和語法知識,還包括預(yù)構(gòu)成語塊的知識。預(yù)構(gòu)成語塊作為詞匯與語法的結(jié)合體,其使用更加符合口語交際的特點。此外,圖式知識的測量需要精密的心理試驗,本書不可能做詳細考察。語料庫關(guān)鍵詞提取的方法可以考查學(xué)生部分圖式知識的詞語表現(xiàn)。因此,本書重點考察口語交際能力中的四種重要成分:使用預(yù)構(gòu)成語塊的能力、通過目的語運用圖式知識的能力、語用能力和策略能力。主要研究問題包括:該四種能力如何影響學(xué)習者的口語交際?不同口語交際能力水平的學(xué)習者在四種能力方面的表現(xiàn)有何異同?學(xué)習者英語口語具有什么顯著特征?本書采取分層隨機抽樣的方法,從COLSEC中提出150名學(xué)習者的英語口語語料,并按照大學(xué)英語考試口語成績的高低將他們分為A、B和C三組,分別代表三種不同的口語交際能力水平。本書重點考察三組學(xué)習者在四個能力方面的異同,進而發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的英語口語特征。
內(nèi)容概要
本書從語料庫語言學(xué)角度,著重探討了中國學(xué)習者英語口語交際能力的四個重要成分:使用預(yù)構(gòu)成語塊的能力、通過目的語運用圖式知識的能力、語用能力和策略能力。基于“大學(xué)學(xué)習者英語口語語料庫”,本書從上述四個緯度對比分析了不同口語交際能力水平的學(xué)習者之間及與英語母語者之間的差異,發(fā)現(xiàn)中國學(xué)習者英語口語的特征和問題。書中所提出的觀點、概念、方法以及研究發(fā)現(xiàn)為學(xué)習者英語研究、二語習得研究、外語教學(xué)研究提供了有價值的信息。
書籍目錄
Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivations for the book 1.2 Research objectives 1.3 Outline of the bookChapter 2 Critical Discussion of the Previous Studies on Learner Language 2.1 Changes in current linguistic and SLA research 2.2 Main features of CLC data 2.3 Methodological approaches to CLC research 2.4 Studies based on learner corpora 2.5 Conversation analysis 2.6 Communicative competence 2.7 ConclusionChapter 3 Defining Oral Communicative Ability 3.1 Features of oral communication 3.2 Accuracy, fluency and appropriacy 3.3 Four essential components 3.4 ConclusionChapter 4 Research Methodology 4.1 The COLSEC 4.2 The data in the book 4.3 Methods for data extraction and processing 4.4 SummaryChapter 5 Findings and Analysis (1):Productive Vocabulary Size and the Ability to Use PCsChapter 6 Findings and Analysis (2):the Ability to Manipulate SchemataChapter 7 Findings and Analysis (3):Pragmatic Competence and Strategic CompetenceChapter 8 ConclusionAppendicesReferences
章節(jié)摘錄
Another example is An Automated Approach to the Phrasicon of EEL Learners by Cock, Granger, Leech&McEnery (1998). It is commonly observed that although the language produced by advanced learners is largely free of errors, it remains foreign sounding. A reasonable hypothesis made by Kjellmer (1991) is that in learners production the building material is individual bricks (words) rather than prefabricated sections (lexicalized phrases). In other words, the learners primarily operate on the "open-choice principle" rather than the "idiom principle" (Sinclair, 1991). There is a growing consensus among many researchers that prefabricated expressions rather than individual words play a predominant role in the production of both written and spoken language. NSs heavily rely on prefabs particularly in oral production unfolding in real time. As Granger (1998) puts it, "this reliance allows speakers to play for time, enabling them to speak without too much hesitation or too many pauses and consequently to avoid too much non-fluency" (p. 67). Cock et al. (1998) use a matched set of 25 transcribed learner (French) and NS university admission interviews to examine the spoken phrasicon of adult advanced EFL learners to validate Kjellmer s hypothesis. They use McEnery s automatic phrase extraction program Tuples to extract all recurrent word combinations of a given length and frequency in the two corpora. Tuples output is thus two long lists of all the recurrent phrases in the two corpora accompanied by counts and basic statistics. This study reveals a striking finding that these advanced EFL learners of French MT do use prefabs, and in some cases even more prefabs than English NS. This finding to some extent goes against Kjellmer s hypothesis. However, what distinguishes the learners from the NSs is the small number of prefabs these learners have at their disposal and the extent to which these prefabs are used and overused.
圖書封面
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