中國(guó)文化簡(jiǎn)介

內(nèi)容概要

　　20世紀(jì)下半葉以來(lái)，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化所導(dǎo)致的文化和語(yǔ)言的全球化已成為勢(shì)不可擋的一股潮流。在全世界5（300多種語(yǔ)言中，英語(yǔ)已成為一種多國(guó)、多文化、多民族、多功能的世界通用語(yǔ)言。哲學(xué)家海德格爾說(shuō)：“語(yǔ)言是存在之居所?！闭Z(yǔ)言學(xué)家錢(qián)冠連認(rèn)為：“語(yǔ)言是人類(lèi)最后的家園?！蹦敲?，在我們的存在之居所、精神之家園中，民族文化如何傳承？大學(xué)應(yīng)擔(dān)負(fù)何種使命？我國(guó)高校英語(yǔ)教育到底又該如何切入與發(fā)展呢？　　全球化是當(dāng)今時(shí)代最重要的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，也是每一個(gè)國(guó)家和民族都必須面對(duì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)。在英語(yǔ)國(guó)際化的背景下，如何合理地設(shè)置英語(yǔ)課程，直接關(guān)系到國(guó)家外語(yǔ)方針的貫徹、人才培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)能否實(shí)現(xiàn)等問(wèn)題。以色列著名語(yǔ)言學(xué)家BernardSpolsky認(rèn)為，亞洲各國(guó)應(yīng)根據(jù)本土實(shí)際情況來(lái)制定教學(xué)目標(biāo)和方針。他說(shuō)：“在全球化的進(jìn)程中，亞洲各國(guó)要根據(jù)各自的實(shí)際情況來(lái)制定符合本國(guó)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)和其他重要語(yǔ)言教學(xué)的目標(biāo)和方針……過(guò)去人們總是以英美國(guó)家的教學(xué)目標(biāo)和方針作為藍(lán)本，現(xiàn)在我們不能再這樣做了。英美國(guó)家無(wú)權(quán)，也不可能決定亞洲各國(guó)應(yīng)該怎么教英語(yǔ)……現(xiàn)在將英語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言或外語(yǔ)的人群要比將英語(yǔ)當(dāng)成第一語(yǔ)言的人群大得多……各國(guó)國(guó)情不同，使用英語(yǔ)的目的也不盡相同，根據(jù)國(guó)情來(lái)制定本國(guó)的教學(xué)目標(biāo)和方針才是明智的……”（鄭新民，2006：77）新加坡前任聯(lián)合國(guó)大使說(shuō)：“在國(guó)外，當(dāng)開(kāi)口講英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，我希望我的同胞能輕易地辨認(rèn)出我是新加坡人?！薄　￠L(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，我國(guó)的英語(yǔ)教育撇開(kāi)母語(yǔ)及母語(yǔ)文化而獨(dú)行，無(wú)論是英語(yǔ)教育大綱的制定者，還是外語(yǔ)教育工作者，對(duì)母語(yǔ)及母語(yǔ)文化在外語(yǔ)教學(xué)中所起的作用都缺乏足夠的認(rèn)識(shí)，過(guò)多地強(qiáng)調(diào)母語(yǔ)在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的負(fù)遷移，錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)就是要擺脫母語(yǔ)的影響。事實(shí)上，語(yǔ)言是有共性的，世間萬(wàn)物之間既有矛盾的一面，又有統(tǒng)一的一面。語(yǔ)言的共性決定了母語(yǔ)既是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)不可缺少的基礎(chǔ)，又是可以利用的資源之一，這也是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中母語(yǔ)正遷移的作用所在。

書(shū)籍目錄

Chapter One China in General and Its Symbol1.1 A Brief Introduction of China1.2 Great Symbol Dragon （Long）Exercise OneChapter Two Ancient Chinese ttistory2.1 Prehistoric Times2.2 Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties2.3 Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period2.4 Qin Dynasty2.5 Han Dynasty2.6 Three Kingdoms2.7 Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties2.8 Sui and Tang Dynasties2.9 Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms2.10 Song Dynasty2.11 Yuan, Ming and Qing DynastiesExercise TwoChapter Three Modern and Contemporary Chinese History3.1 Republic of China3.2 People's Republic of ChinaExercise ThreeChapter Four Chinese Philosophy and Religions4.1 Philosophy4.2 ReligionsExercise FourChapter Five Chinese Language, Characters and Inventions5.1 Language5.2 Characters5.3 Four Great InventionsExercise FiveChapter Six Chinese Literature6.1 Mythology6.2 Legends6.3 Literature of Pre-Qin Period6.4 Literature o~ Han Dynasty6.5 Literature from Tang and Song to Yuan Dynasty6.6 Fiction in Ming and Qing Dynasties6.7 Modern and Contemporary LiteratureExercise SixChapter Seven Chinese Art7.1 Calligraphy and Painting7.2 Opera7.3 Music and Dance7.4 HandicraftExercise SevenChapter Eight Chinese Architecture8.1 Development of Chinese Architecture8.2 Classifications of Chinese Architecture8.3 General Features of Chinese Architecture8.4 Unique Architecture in ChinaExercise EightChapter Nine Chinese Clothing and Diet9.1 Traditional Dress9.2 Modern and Contemporary Clothing9.3 Wine and Alcohol9.4 Tea9.5 Food and Food CultureExercise NineChapter Ten Popular Traditional Chinese Festivals10.1 Spring Festival10.2 Lantern Festival10.3 Tomb-Sweeping Day10.4 Dragon Boat Festival10.5 Double Seventh Festival10.6 Mid-Autumn Festival10.7 Double Ninth FestivalExercise TenChapter Eleven An Overview of Chinese Education11.1 Ancient Chinese Education11.2 Today's Chinese EducationExercise ElevenSupplementary Reading An Overview of Putian CityAppendix 1 Chronological Chart of Chinese DynastiesAppendix 2 Map of the WorldAppendix 3 Map of ChinaKey References后記

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Clever and deft craftspeople are remarkably good at cutting, using the themes of daily life. Their works remain true-to-life expressions of the figure's sentiment and appearance, or they are a realistic portrayal of plants and animals' diverse actions. Although other art forms, like painting, can also show similar scenes, papercutting still stands out for its charm, with exact lines and ingenious patterns that are all hand-made. Chinese culture has always tried to imbue symbolism in many things. Papercuts are no ex-ception. They can reflect many aspects of life, like a prosperous atmos-phere, healthy people and a bountiful harvest year. For example, for a wed-ding ceremony, a cutting of two big red characters Xi, meaning "doublehappiness", is a traditional "must" and a required decoration on the tea set,the dressing table glass, the newlyweds' door and other furniture to indicatethe merry atmosphere.　　……

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