文學解讀和論文寫作

前言

　　大學階段，按專業(yè)套路打好論說文寫作的功底，這不僅有助于思維和表達，也會讓人養(yǎng)成遵守學術規(guī)范的習慣。這是個淺顯的道理，不過在國內，此類簡單常識有時并不能引起我們足夠的重視。無論在大學里，還是社會上，有關寫作套路和規(guī)范的訓練項目并不多見，指導性的書籍也不暢銷。文化青年的撰述行為常似沙上建塔，產出很多，表現(xiàn)出的基本功還欠扎實，似乎又無何不妥，尚未影響我們成為社會和文化的棟梁。當然，基礎不實，不僅相對于個人，整個文化慢慢也會出現(xiàn)一些問題。從這個角度看，出版一本英文的寫作指南，雖屬小事一件，但或許會對一部分人有固本榮枝的實際意義，也可以讓其他文化對我們的文化有一點正面影響。...

內容概要

　　本書涉及文學解讀和闡釋性寫作的各種關鍵環(huán)節(jié)，從基本功到高級的文學批評，從涉及文學閱讀的簡單的“人之常情”到復雜的文學解讀類論文，幾乎面面俱到，是一本關乎人文訓練的有效指南。書中配有練習，每章后面都有“關于……的清單”，清清楚楚地確立了一系列行之有效的步驟和規(guī)則，并且提供了大量范例。本書可用于英語文學寫作課，提供系統(tǒng)的人文訓練，以期讓學生的思想和語言變得更加規(guī)范、正確、成熟、有力。

書籍目錄

PrefaceAcknowledgmentsIntroductionPART ONE: Interpreting Literature1 Strategies for Interpreting LiteratureWhy Do People Read Literature?What Is Interpretation?How Do We Interpret?Checklist for Interpreting LiteratureWork Cited2 What Is Literature?Literature Is LanguageLiterature Is FictionalWaltWhitman, Cavalry Crossing a FordLiterature Is TrueHenry Howard, Earl of Surrey, My Friend, the Things that Do AttainLiterature Is AestheticLiterature Is IntertextualChecklist for the Elements of LiteratureWorks Cited3 Interpreting FictionThe Elements of FictionThemePoint of ViewMary Robison, YoursPlotCharacterizationSettingIronySymbolismOther ElementsChecklist for Interpreting FictionWorks Cited4 Interpreting DramaThe Nature of DramaThe Elements of DramaPlotCharacterizationSettingThemeIronySubgenresChecklist for Interpreting DramaWorks Cited and Consulted5 Interpreting PoetryWhat Is Poetry?Emily Bront~, The Night Is Darkening Round MeSense in Poetry: Elements that Convey MeaningGetting Started: Reading a Poem the First TimeDictionWilliam Wordsworth, A Slumber Did My Spirit Sea]SyntaxLouise Bogan, Song for a LyreCharacterization, Point of View, Plot, and SettingJane Kenyon, In the Nursing HomeMatthew Arnold, Dover BeachRobert Browning, My Last DuchessImagery: Descriptive LanguageImagery: Figurative LanguageSamuel Daniel, Love Is a SicknessThomas Campion, There Is a Garden in Her FaceSymbolismWilliam Blake, The Sick RoseThe Sound of Poetry: Musical ElementsRhythmWilliam Shakespeare, Sonnet 129Word SoundsEdgar Allan Poe, To HelenStructureWilliam Shakespeare, Sonnet 116Edna St. Vincent Millay, I, Being Born aWomanAnonymous, The Daemon LoverEmily Dickinson, Because I Could Not Stop for DeadMatsuo Basho, haikuTaniguchi Buson, haikuKobayashi Issa, haikuPsalm 23Ezra Pound, XeniaAmy Lowell, Road to theYoshiwaraLangston Hughes, VagabondsElizabeth Bishop, One ArtSight: The Visual Qualifies of PoetryGeorge Herbert, EasterWingse. e. cummings, l(aGwendolyn Brooks, We Real CoolChecklist for Interpreting PoetryWorks Cited6 Specialized Approaches to Interpreting LiteratureLiterary Criticism and TheoryPlaces for InterpretationThe WorkNew CriticismStructuralismDeconstructionArchetypal CriticismThe AuthorHistorical and Biographical CriticismNew Historicist CriticismThe ReaderReader-Response CriticismAll of RealityMarxist CriticismPsychological CriticismFeminist and Gender CriticismWorks CitedPART TWO: Writing about Literature7 Writing about LiteratureWhyWrite about Literature?How CanYou Write about Literature?The Writing Process8 Choosing TopicsPreliminary StepsBe an Active ReaderIdentify Your AudienceRaise Questions about the WorkNarrow Your TopicSearch StrategiesFocus on the Works Conventions (Its Formal Qualities)UseTopoi (Traditional Patterns of Thinking)Respond to Comments by CriticsDraw fromYour Own KnowledgeTalking andWriting StrategiesTalk Out LoudMake OutlinesFreewriteBrainstormMake NotesKeep a JournalSample Essay about LiteratureMichelle Henderson, "Paradise Rejected in Homers Odyssey"Comments on the EssayChecklist for ChoosingTopicsWorks Cited9 Drafting the EssayThe Argumentative Nature of Interpretive EssaysThe Structure of Essays about LiteratureThe Argumentative StructureThe Rhetorical StructureGuidelines forWriting First DraftsKeep in Mind the Needs of Your AudienceAvoid Extreme Subjectivity (Overuse of"I")Draw Up a Rough OutlineBegin WritingUse Sound Deductive ReasoningSupport Key Claims with FactsUse Sound Inductive ReasoningDefine Key TermsOrganize Evidence According to a Coherent PlanMake Comparisons Complete and Easy to FollowChecklist for Drafting the EssayWorks Cited10 Revising and EditingRevise Throughout the Writing ProcessRevise for the Final DraftWrite a Clear and Readable Prose StyleHave Other People Read and Respond toYour DraftEdit the Final DraftRules of UsageCitations of SourcesQuotationsOther Rules of Usage Related to Essays about LiteraturePhysical FormatSample Essay inTwo DraftsRobert Frost, The Death of the Hired ManEarly DraftComments on the Early DraftFinal DraftJennifer Hargrove, "A Comparison of Mary andWarrenin Robert Frosts The Death of the Hired Man"Comments on the Final DraftChecklist for Revising and EditingWorks Cited11 Documentation and ResearchPrimary SourcesSecondary SourcesResearch Papers and the Use of Secondary SourcesHow to Find Information and Opinions about LiteratureI. Library Catalogs and StacksII. Library Reference RoomIII. Library Periodicals Room and StacksIV. Information and Opinion on the InternetEvaluating the Quality of Internet SitesGiving Credit to SourcesWhy ShouldYou Give Credit?When ShouldYou Give Credit?Where ShouldYou Give Credit?Correct Documentary FormGuidelines for Parenthetical CitationsGuidelines for Using Footnotes and EndnotesGuidelines and Form for the Works Cited List:General RulesSample Entries for BooksSample Entry for Articles in Scholarly JournalsSample Entries for Articles in Popular PublicationsSample Entries for Computer DatabasesSample Entries for Other Nonprint SourcesFrequently Used AbbreviationsSample Research PaperHarold Wright, "The Monsters Education in MaryShelleys Frankenstein"Comments on the Research PaperChecklist for Documentation and Research12 Taking EssayTestsGuidelines for Taking EssayTestsSample Test EssaysEssay 1Comments on Essay 1Essay 2Comments on Essay 2Essay 3Comments on Essay 3Checklist for Taking Essay Tests13 Sample EssaysEssay on a PoemEdwin Arlington Robinson, Richard CoryGeorge Cannon, "Point of View in Edwin Arlington Robinsons Richard Cory"Essay on a Short StoryEdgar Allan Poe, The Cask of AmontiUadoBlake Long, "Montresors Fate in Edgar Allan PoesThe Cask of Amontillado"Essay on a PlaySusan Glaspell, TriflesCarolyn Briner, "The Meaning of Physical Objects in Susan Glaspells Trifles"Essay on a NovelShalita Forrest, "First Love, Lost Love in GeorgeEliots Adam Bede"GlossaryCreditsIndex of Concepts and TermsIndex of Critics, Authors, and Works

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　　《文學解讀和論文寫作：指南與范例》(第7版)可用于英語文學寫作課，提供系統(tǒng)的人文訓練，以期讓學生的思想和語言變得更加規(guī)范、正確、成熟、有力。

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