培根論說(shuō)文集

內(nèi)容概要

《培根論說(shuō)文集》收集了培根長(zhǎng)達(dá)二十八年的間歇?jiǎng)?chuàng)作，涉及榮譽(yù)、財(cái)富、愛(ài)情、名聲、雄心和友誼等人類(lèi)生活和感情的各個(gè)方面，其精辟理智的見(jiàn)解和冷靜雄犀的筆調(diào)使其成為人類(lèi)文學(xué)史和思想史的重要著作，也是至今最出色和流傳最廣的人文作品之一。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

弗朗西斯·培根（1561—1626），英國(guó)文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期著名的哲學(xué)家、思想家和文化大師。培根生于貴族之家，閱歷豐富。他一生在文學(xué)、哲學(xué)、科學(xué)、美學(xué)、倫理學(xué)、語(yǔ)言邏輯學(xué)等領(lǐng)域都有不凡的建樹(shù)，是一位影響深遠(yuǎn)、多才多藝的大家。代表作主要有：《培根論說(shuō)文集》、《學(xué)術(shù)的進(jìn)展》、《新工具》、《亨利七世本紀(jì)》和《論人類(lèi)的知識(shí)》等。

書(shū)籍目錄

Introduction
To the Right Honorable my very good lord the Duke of Buckingham his
Grace, Lord High Admiral of England
1 Of Studies
2 Of Truth
3 Of Death
4 Of Unity in Religion
5 Of Revenge
6 Of Adversity
7 Of Simulation & Dissimulation
8 Of Parents & Children
9 Of Marriage & Single Life
10 Of Envy
11 Of Love
12 Of Great Place
13 Of Boldness
14 Of Goodness, & Goodness of Nature
15 Of Nobility
16 Of Seditions & Troubles
17 Of Atheism
18 Of Superstition
19 Of Travel
20 Of Empire
21 Of Counsel
22 Of Delays
23 Of Cunning
24 Of Wisdom for a Man’s Self
25 Of Innovations
26 Of Dispatch
27 Of Seeming Wise
28 Of Friendship
29 Of Expense
30 Of the True Greatness of Kingdoms & Estates
31 Of Regiment of Health
32 Of Suspicion
33 Of Discourse
34 Of Plantations
35 Of Riches
36 Of Prophecies
37 Of Ambition
38 Of Masques & Triumphs
39 Of Nature in Men
40 Of Custom & Education
41 Of Fortune
42 Of Usury
43 Of Youth & Age
44 Of Beauty
45 Of Deformity
46 Of Building
47 Of Gardens
48 Of Negotiating
49 Of Followers & Friends
50 Of Suitors
51 Of Faction
52 Of Ceremonies & Respects
53 Of Praise
54 Of Vainglory
55 Of Honour & Reputation
56 Of Judicature
57 Of Anger
58 Of Vicissitude of Things
A Fragment of an Essay of Fame

章節(jié)摘錄

　　But what he had caused Yelverton to suffer he was now to sufferhimself. He was left to his fate， although it is hard to see how Jamescould have moved in the matter. The sencence pronounced uponthe Lord Chancellor was that he be fined 40， 000， imprisoned inthe Tower during the King's pleasure， declared incapable of holdingoffice in the State or of sitting in Parliment， and that he shouldnot come within the verge of the Court. No sooner， however， wasthe sentence pronounced than it was mitigated by royal order; hewas released from the Towcr and retired to Gorhambury. Thereafterthe fine was remitted ancl the prohibition against his presence atCourt revoked， but the bar against sitting in Parliament was neverremoved. 　　From a literary and philosophical point of view the last periodof Bacon's Life was che most glorious. "The virtue of Prosperity istemperance; the virtue of Adversity fortitucie， which in morals is themore heroical virtue. Prosperity is the blessing of the Old Testament;adversity is the blessing of the New， which carrieth， the greaterbenediction and the clearer revelation of God's favour." Thesesentences， written after his fall， show the effect it had produced uponhim. By no student of Bacon's works can this Essay "On Adversity"be read without emotion. Smarting under his disgrace， Bacon turnedwith eagerness to the intetllectual pursuits his official duties hadinterrupted. In profound study he found an anodyne， and his delightin such lahours is finely reflected in his Essay "OfNature in Men." 　　His activity was phenomenal. Five months after his fall hecompleted his History of Henry Ⅶ.， which received the praise ofGrotius and Locke as a model of philosophical history-writing; hebegan his H/story of Henry Ⅷ.， sketched the outline of his Historyof Great Britain， made neotes for his Digest of the Laws of Englandand Scotland， and prepared his Dialogue on the Sacred War. In 1623appeared the De Augmentis， the Latin translatiun with expansionof the Advancement of Learning， and his unfinished philosophicalromance "New Atlantis，" designed as a half-practical， half-poeticalsuggestion of a College of Thinkers， partially realised afterwardsin the Royal Society. Not the lease important work was the finalrevision of his famous Essajs， with as many new papers added asraised the total number to fifty-eight. This was his last literaryundertaking， and was published a few months before his death. 　　For some time he had been growing increasingly feeble; yethe did not remit his labours. He died incleed a singular martyr t。science. On a bitterly cold day he descended from his carriage，purchased a fowl， killed it， and with his own hands stuffed it withsnow， to see if cold would prove an agenr in arresting putrefaction.Scarcely was this done， than he felt a chill striking through hissystem. Too ill to return home， he was carried to the house of LordArundel， where， exactly a week later， on April 9， 1626， he passedpeacefully away. He was buried， as he desired， near his mother， inthe Church of St Michael， St. Albans. 　　……

媒體關(guān)注與評(píng)論

　　“培根的《論說(shuō)文集》可說(shuō)是少數(shù)的‘世界書(shū)’的一部，這種書(shū)不是為一國(guó)而作，乃是為萬(wàn)國(guó)而作的；不是為一個(gè)時(shí)代，而是為一切時(shí)代的。”（“And so we leave Francis Bacon! Had he left us no other literaryiegacy than those wonderful Essays， he would have established claimupon the gratitude， not alone of his fellow-countrymen， but of hisfellow-men-a claim the years will ever strengthen and time will ayeconfirmn!”）　　——奧利芬特·斯米頓　　　　“培根是經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的奠基人。” 　　——黑格爾　　　　“培根的哲學(xué)思想真有永恒的價(jià)值。” 　　——羅素　　　　“知識(shí)就是力量。” 　　——培根

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