法律英語綜合教程

前言

隨著我國入世和改革開放程度不斷加大，越來越多的外資進(jìn)入中國市場(chǎng)，越來越多的中國企業(yè)走出國門尋找商機(jī)。無論是迎進(jìn)來，還是走出去，這些企業(yè)所面臨的一個(gè)共同問題就是法律問題。而這些法律問題中的大多數(shù)又都屬于涉外法律的工作范疇。由于法律文化、法律條款的差異，中外雙方在合作過程中不可避免地會(huì)出現(xiàn)許多矛盾分歧·減少、化解這些矛盾分歧需要溝通談判，甚至需要通過法律手段來解決問題。所有這些工作都需要法律工作者通過專業(yè)外語完成。因此，在國際化趨勢(shì)日見凸顯的今天，掌握專業(yè)外語已經(jīng)成為法律人必備的職業(yè)素質(zhì)。眾所周知．美國法是英美法系的典型代表，其法律體系完整、內(nèi)容豐富，既有傳統(tǒng)的普通法，又有新興的成文法；既有統(tǒng)一的聯(lián)邦法，又有各州的法律。同時(shí)，美國法在世界范圍內(nèi)影響深遠(yuǎn)，學(xué)習(xí)研究美國法意義重大，這不僅表現(xiàn)為許多國家都在研究美國的法律規(guī)則，借鑒其成熟做法，還表現(xiàn)為許多國際公約也參照美國法的理念、原則、規(guī)則制定。因此，本書作為學(xué)習(xí)法律英語的精讀教材，主要介紹美國法，希望讀者通過學(xué)習(xí)權(quán)威、實(shí)用的美國法律知識(shí)，掌握地道、純正的法律英語。一般的語言教材都會(huì)系統(tǒng)地講授語法知識(shí)，但本書的編寫設(shè)想是，學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了從中學(xué)英語到大學(xué)一、二年級(jí)的基礎(chǔ)英語學(xué)習(xí)。系統(tǒng)掌握了英語語法等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，并具有不低于六千個(gè)英語單詞的詞匯量。本書具有以下特點(diǎn)：首先，編者參考了大量的美國原版法學(xué)書籍．包括美國法學(xué)院教材及大量判例·力求實(shí)現(xiàn)教材內(nèi)容的權(quán)威性和豐富性。其次，本書引用了許多極具代表性的英文案例。英美法系是判例法系．無論是法官還是律師都特別注重對(duì)判例的研究，因此學(xué)習(xí)美國法不能繞過案例。根據(jù)我的個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)，通過研究案例更有利于掌握標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的法律英語，也更容易掌握美國法的精髓。本書選取了十幾個(gè)經(jīng)典案例，以期最大程度地展現(xiàn)美國法原貌。再次，本書在部門法的后面都附有與該部門法相關(guān)的練習(xí)題，以期幫助讀者檢查自己學(xué)習(xí)掌握法律英語術(shù)語和基礎(chǔ)美國法知識(shí)的程度．查漏補(bǔ)缺。本書共分十三部分。第一、二部分首先介紹了法律英語的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)：該部分選擇法律英語口語為切入點(diǎn)，幫助讀者認(rèn)識(shí)法律英語口頭交流的重要性，督促讀者認(rèn)真練習(xí)英語口語．做到聽、說、讀、寫、譯齊頭并進(jìn)，絕不可忽視“開口”的能力。美國人的口才都普遍好，律師更是能言善辯，而這正是我國法律人的弱勢(shì)。

內(nèi)容概要

　　《法律英語綜合教程》共分十三部分：第一、二部分首先介紹了法律英語的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)；第三至第十二部分分別介紹了美國主干部門法；最后一部分簡(jiǎn)明介紹了引用（citation）的相關(guān)知識(shí)。 《法律英語綜合教程》是法律英語精品系列教材中的一本，是法律英語精讀教材。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

張法連教授，中國政法大學(xué)博士生導(dǎo)師，兼任美中友好交流促進(jìn)會(huì)主席，法律英語證書（LEC）全國統(tǒng)一考試委員會(huì)副主任，主要研究領(lǐng)域?yàn)榉烧Z言學(xué)、美國法、外交學(xué)、美國研究和預(yù)防腐敗，主要從事外事翻譯，美國內(nèi)政、外交及中美關(guān)系的研究工作，在《外語教學(xué)與研究》、《中國翻譯》、《法律適用》、《當(dāng)代世界》等外國語、法學(xué)、國際關(guān)系等權(quán)威、核心期刊發(fā)表論文近30篇，出版《法律英語寫作》、《美國商標(biāo)法判例解讀》等學(xué)術(shù)專著6部，主編《法律英語綜合教程》、《法律英語翻譯教程》等9部全國高等院校教材。

書籍目錄

Part One  Introductions and Small TalksChapter 1  How to Make IntroductionsChapter 2  How to Start a ConversationPart Two General Legal TermsChapter 1  Quick Overview of the U.S. Court SystemChapter 2  Jury TrialChapter 3  The Adversary SystemChapter 4  How Does a Civil Action Usually Start？Chapter 5  What Can an Appellate Court Do？Chapter 6  What Can an Appellate Judge Do？Part Three  Constitutional LawChapter 1  IntroductionChapter 2  The Judicial PowerChapter 3  Legislative PowerChapter 4  Individual Guarantees AgainstGovernmental or Private ActionChapter 5  Retroactive LegislationChapter 6  Procedural Due ProcessChapter 7  Substantive Due ProcessChapter 8  Equal ProtectionChapter 9  Fundamental RightsPart Four  ContractsChapter 1  IntroductionChapter 2  Basics of ContractsChapter 3  Contract FormationChapter 4  Capacity of a ContractChapter 5  Vitiating FactorsChapter 6  Problems Involving Persons Other Thanthe Parties to the Original ContractChapter 7  DischargeChapter 8  Breach of ContractChapter 9  Remedies for Breach of ContractChapter 10  Dispute SettlementPart Five  TortsChapter 1  Introduction Chapter 2  Intentional TortsChapter 3  Defenses to Intentional TortsChapter 4  NegligenceChapter 5  Cause in FactChapter 6  Proximate CauseChapter 7  Multiple TortfeasorsChapter 8  Damages for Personal InjuriesChapter 9  Limited Duty= Special Limitations on the Scope of DutyChapter 10  Premises Liability= Duties of Owners and Occupiers of LandChapter 11  DefensesChapter 12  Vicarious LiabilityChapter 13  Products LiabilityChapter 14  DefamationChapter 15  The Privacy TortsChapter 16 Part Six  Property LawChapter 1  IntroductionChapter 2  Acquisition of PropertyChapter 3  Possessory EstatesChapter 4  Future InterestsChapter 5  Concurrent EstatesChapter 6  Landlord and TenantChapter 7  FixturesChapter 8  Rights in the Land of Another——Easements,Profits, Covenants, and ServitudesChapter 9  ConveyancingChapter 10  Cooperatives, Condominiums, and ZoningChapter 11  NuisancePart Seven  Evidence LawChapter 1  IntroductionChapter 2  General ConsiderationsChapter 3  Relevance and Judicial NoticeChapter 4  Real EvidenceChapter 5  Documentary EvidenceChapter 6  Testimonial EvidenceChapter 7  The Hearsay RuleChapter 8  Procedural ConsiderationsPart Eight  Civil ProcedureChapter 1  IntroductionChapter 2  Personal JurisdictionChapter 3  Diversity of Citizenship JurisdictionChapter 4  Federal Question JurisdictionChapter 5  VenueChapter 6  Removal JurisdictionChapter 7  Conflict of Jurisdiction BetweenState and Federal CourtsChapter 8  The Federal Rules of Civil ProcedurePart Nine  Criminal LawChapter 1  IntroductionChapter 2  What Makes a Case a Criminal Case？Chapter 3  How to Interpret Criminal StatutesChapter 4  How Defendants' Mental States AffectTheir Responsibility for a CrimeChapter 5  Criminal OffensesChapter 6  Felonies, Misdemeanors and InfractionsChapter 7  Implications of a Crime's ClassificationPart Ten  Criminal ProcedureChapter 1  Constitutional RestraintsChapter 2  Exclusionary RuleChapter 3  Fourth AmendmentChapter 4  ConfessionsChapter 5  Pretrial ProceduresChapter 6  TrialChapter 7  Guilty Pleas and Plea BargainingChapter 8  Constitutional Rights in Relation toSentence and PunishmentChapter Constitutional Problems on AppealChapter 10  Rights During Punishment——Probation,Imprisonment, ParoleChapter 11  Double JeopardyChapter 12  Forfeiture ActionsPart Eleven  Intellectual Property LawChapter 1  Introduction Chapter 2  Trade SecretsChapter 3  PatentChapter 4  CopyrightChapter 5  Trademark LawPart Twelve  Business LawChapter 1  Introduction to Business FormsChapter 2  PartnershipChapter 3  Limited Liability CompanyChapter 4  CorporationChapter 5  SecuritiesChapter 6  Commercial PaperPart Thirteen  Understanding Legal CitationsChapter 1  How to Read a Case CitationChapter 2  Subsequent Case HistoryChapter 3  ParentheticalsChapter 4  Parallel CitationsChapter 5  The Functions of Legal CitationsChapter 6  Understanding "ID. " Chapter 7  Using "ID. " with Parallel CitationsChapter 8  Short CitationsAppendix  Key to the Quiz

章節(jié)摘錄

There are，for example，a series of rights and duties implied into contracts of agen-cy，employment and tenancy．Under a contract of employment，an employer owes animplied duty to take reasonable care for the safety of his employees，not to endanger theemployees’health and not to require the employees to do any unlawful act；and an em-ployee owes a duty to show good faith，to obey lawful and reasonable instructions，andnot to act against the employer’s interest．(3)Customary Implied TermsA contract may be subj ect to customary terms not specifically mentioned by the par-ties．However，customary terms will not be implied if the express terms of the contractreveal that the parties had a contrary intention．3．Exemption ClausesMany large companies and public authorities impose conditions in their contractsexempting or excluding themselves from liability for torts，particularly negligence，ari-sing from contracts．The rules applicable in such situations may be summarized as fol-lows：(1)An exemption clause can be incorporated in the contract by signature，by noticeor by course of dealing：a．Where the terms are signed，the parties are bound as a general rule even if theplaintiff has not read it；b．The inserter of exemption clauses must do all that is reasonability necessary tothe notice of the person subject to the clause or to draw his attention to it；c．The conditions must be brought to the notice of the offeree either before or at thesame time when the contract is made；d．An exemption clause printed on a receipt is not an integral part of the contract．(2)The party who wishes to rely on an exemption clause must show that theb reach and loss are covered by the clause．If there is any doubt as to the scope of an ex-emption clause，it will be construed under the following rules：a．The contra proferentem rule If there is any ambiguity or room for doubt as tothe meaning of an exemption clause，it will be construed against the person who puts itinto the contract；b．The repugnancy rule If an exemption clause is in direct contradiction to anotherterm of the contract，the exemption clause can be struck out；c．The four corners rule Exemption clauses only protect a party when he is actingwithin the four corners of the contract．Thus he is liable for damage which occurs whenhe deviates from contract and he would not be protected by any exemption clause．

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《法律英語綜合教程》是法律英語精品系列教材中的一本，是法律英語精讀教材。

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