英國歷史文化

前言

　　《英國歷史文化》是在內(nèi)容依托教學(xué)理念指導(dǎo)下，依托國家哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)項(xiàng)目“英語專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)階段內(nèi)容依托式教學(xué)改革研究”推出的系列英語內(nèi)容依托教材之一，是大連外國語學(xué)院優(yōu)秀教學(xué)成果一等獎、遼寧省優(yōu)秀教學(xué)成果一等獎、第六屆國家級優(yōu)秀教學(xué)成果獎獲獎成果的重要組成部分。這套系列教材的推出具有重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義?！　‰S著我國英語教育的快速發(fā)展，英語專業(yè)長期貫徹的“以技能為導(dǎo)向”的課程建設(shè)理念及教學(xué)理念已經(jīng)難以滿足社會的需要。專家教師們密切關(guān)注的現(xiàn)行英語專業(yè)教育大、中、小學(xué)英語教學(xué)脫節(jié)，語言、內(nèi)容教學(xué)割裂，單純語言技能訓(xùn)練過多，專業(yè)內(nèi)容課程不足，學(xué)科內(nèi)容課程系統(tǒng)性差，高低年級內(nèi)容課程安排失衡及其導(dǎo)致的學(xué)生知識面偏窄、知識結(jié)構(gòu)欠缺、思辨能力偏弱、綜合素質(zhì)發(fā)展不充分等問題日益凸顯?！　♂槍ι鲜鰡栴}，國家哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)項(xiàng)目“英語專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)階段內(nèi)容依托式教學(xué)改革研究”以內(nèi)容依托教學(xué)（CBI）理論為指導(dǎo)，確定了如下改革思路：　?。ㄒ唬└抡Z言教學(xué)理念，改革英語專業(yè)教學(xué)的課程結(jié)構(gòu)。在不改變專業(yè)總體培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)和教學(xué)時限的前提下，對課程結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行革命性的變革，改變傳統(tǒng)單一的語言技能課程模式，實(shí)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容課程——語言課程的融合，擴(kuò)展學(xué)生的知識面，提高學(xué)生的語言技能?！　。ǘ╅_發(fā)課程自身潛力，同步提高專業(yè)知識和語言技能。內(nèi)容依托課程本身也同時關(guān)注內(nèi)容和語言，把內(nèi)容教學(xué)和語言教學(xué)有機(jī)結(jié)合。以英語為媒介，系統(tǒng)教授專業(yè)內(nèi)容；以專業(yè)內(nèi)容為依托，在使用語言過程中提高語言技能，擴(kuò)展學(xué)生的知識面?！　。ㄈ└母锝虒W(xué)方法手段，全面提高語言技能和綜合素質(zhì)。依靠內(nèi)容依托教學(xué)在方法上的靈活性，通過問題驅(qū)動、輸出驅(qū)動等方法調(diào)動學(xué)生主動學(xué)習(xí)，把啟發(fā)式、任務(wù)式、討論式、結(jié)對子、小組活動、課堂展示、多媒體手段等行之有效的活動與學(xué)科內(nèi)容教學(xué)有機(jī)結(jié)合，提高學(xué)生的語言技能，激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自主性和創(chuàng)造性，提升思辨能力和綜合素質(zhì)?！　”卷?xiàng)改革突破了我國英語專業(yè)英語教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定的課程結(jié)構(gòu)，改變了英語專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)階段通過開設(shè)單純的聽、說、讀、寫四種語言技能課提高學(xué)生語言技能的傳統(tǒng)課程建設(shè)理念，對英語課程及教學(xué)方法進(jìn)行了創(chuàng)新性的改革。首創(chuàng)了有英語專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)階段具有我國特色的內(nèi)容——語言融合的課程體系；率先開發(fā)了適合英語專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)階段的內(nèi)容依托課程；系統(tǒng)開發(fā)了英語國家史、地、社會文化、歐洲文化、中國文化、跨文化交際、《圣經(jīng)》與文化等教材；以英語為媒介，系統(tǒng)教授專業(yè)內(nèi)容；以內(nèi)容為依托，全面發(fā)展學(xué)生的語言技能；擴(kuò)展學(xué)生的知識面，提高學(xué)生的綜合素質(zhì)，以嶄新的途徑實(shí)現(xiàn)英語專業(yè)教育的總體培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)。

內(nèi)容概要

《英國歷史文化》是在內(nèi)容依托教學(xué)理念指導(dǎo)下，基于國家哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)項(xiàng)目“英語專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)階段內(nèi)容依托式教學(xué)改革研究”推出的系列英語教材之一?！队鴼v史文化》適用于英語專業(yè)一、二年級學(xué)生，也適用于具有中學(xué)英語基礎(chǔ)的非英語專業(yè)學(xué)生和英語愛好者學(xué)習(xí)。本教材具備以下主要特色：    ·遵循了全新的教學(xué)理念    以英國歷史文化發(fā)展為線索，展現(xiàn)英國各段歷史進(jìn)程中的國家概況，既訓(xùn)練語言技能，也豐富相關(guān)知識。    ·涉及了系統(tǒng)的歷史內(nèi)容    幫助讀者了解英國各段歷史時期的重大事件，系統(tǒng)介紹英國歷史文化發(fā)展背景。    ·引進(jìn)了真實(shí)的教學(xué)材料    真實(shí)、地道的語言材料，穿插圖表、照片等真實(shí)的視覺材料，表現(xiàn)手法活潑，效果生動直觀。    ·設(shè)計了新穎的教材板塊    每·單元均包括課前熱身、課文正文、課后練習(xí)、輔助閱讀、專有名詞列表、娛樂園地等。結(jié)構(gòu)安排系統(tǒng)合理，突出學(xué)生的主體地位。    ·提供了多樣的訓(xùn)練活動    培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語言和知識進(jìn)行溝通的能力、邏輯思維能力和探索求知的能力。    ·推薦了經(jīng)典的學(xué)習(xí)材料    在每個章節(jié)的最后部分向?qū)W生推薦經(jīng)典的書目、影視作品、名詩欣賞以及英文歌曲等學(xué)習(xí)資料，延伸課堂教學(xué)，激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)熱情。

書籍目錄

Unit 1 The Birth ofaNation   Text A The Ancient Briton and Invasions   Text B Anglo-Saxon England   Text C King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table   Text D The Venerable Bede (673-735)   Text E William and the Conquest Unit 2 The Normans   Text A The Norman Monarchs   Text B William the Conqueror   Text C Feudalism after the Norman Conquest   Text D The Doomsday Book Unit 3 The Early Plantagenet   Text A The Rule of Law   Text B The Feudal Way of Life  Text C The Canterbury Tales   Text D The CrusadesUnit 4 The House of Plantagenet  Text A The Birth of Parliament  Text B The Magna Carta  Text C King John Unit 5 The 14th-century England   Text A The Hundred Years' War   Text B The Black Death and Wat Tyler Uprising   Text C A Horrible Disease-The Black Death  Text D War Tyler and His Revolting Peasants  Text E Joan of Arc——Maid of OrleansUnit 6 The House of Lancaster and York  Text A The Wars of the Roses   Text B The Mystery of the Princes in the Tower   Text C The Middle AgesUnit 7 The Tudor Age   Text A The Tudor Monarchy   Text B The Reformation in England (1517-1563)  Text C King Henry VII  Text D Henry VIII and His Marriage  Text E Thomas More and the UtopiaUnit 8 The Elizabethan Age  Text A The Reign of Elizabeth I   Text B Queen Elizabeth I   Text C Entertainment in Elizabethan Age   Text D Defeat of the Spanish ArmadaUnit 9 The House of Stuart  Text A The Age of Revolution   Text B King JamesVIandI  Text C The English Civil War   Text D Oliver Cromwell Unit 10 The House of Hanover   Text A The Hanoverian Monarchs   Text B Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)   Text C King George III Unit 11 The Industrial Revolution   Text A The British Industrial Revolution   Text B Machines for the Industrial Revolution   Text C The Consequences of the Industrial Revolution Unit 12 The Victorian Age (1837-1901)  Text A Queen Victoria and Her Reign   Text B Everyday Life in Victorian England  Text C Charles Dickens (1812-1870)   Text D Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) Unit 13 The World at War   Text A The Great Britain in the World Wars   Text B Causes of World War I  Text C Winston ChurchillUnit 14 Towards the New Millennium   Text A House of Windsor   Text B Long Live the Queen!   Text C Margaret Thatcher   Text D The Growth of Great Britain in Americans' EyesUnit 15 Wales, Scotland and Ireland   Text A The English Conquest of Wales   Text B The Story of Scotland   Text C The Ties between Ireland and the Great Britain   Text D History of Wales   Text E Duncan and Macbeth Appendixes  Appendix 1 : Kings and Queens of England and Britain   Appendix 2 : Genealogy of the Monarchs of England   Appendix 3. Keys to the Exercises 主要參考文獻(xiàn)和網(wǎng)站

章節(jié)摘錄

　　From the middle of the 5th century, three Germanic （Teutonic） tribes, namely Jutes, Angles and Saxons, began to migrate from the region of Denmark and settled in Britain. The Christian Celts, in spite of their brave leaders like King Arthur, were wholly defeated. Those who escaped the sword were pushed back into the mountains of Wales and Scotland and across to Ireland.　　The Angles and Saxons from northern Germany spoke a language which we now call Old English. The Angles gave rise to the word "England" because "England" in Old English meant "the land of the Angles". The Angles and Saxons took possession of all the land as far as the mountains in the north and west, and divided it into a handful of small kingdoms. Essex and Sussex, the kingdoms of the east and south Saxons, are still the names of English counties. Then they settled down to work their farms. But their separate kingdoms could make no organized resistance to the next wave of northern fighters, the Vikings. Some of these came from Norway and attacked the rocky coasts of Scotland and northern England： but the main body came from Denmark, sailed up the rivers of the east and south, and seized one little Saxon kingdom after another. At the last moment, the Saxons were saved by the courage of King Alfred of Wessex, who defeated the Danes and forced their army to accept the Christian faith. Then he allowed them to settle in eastern and central England.　　Both the Saxons and the Danes had been accustomed to northern gods like Woden and Thor, whose names have given us Wednesday and Thursday. They believed that courage, loyalty and rough honesty are the greatest virtues. How did the Saxons become Christian？ The question is answered by Bede, whose History of the English Church was written in Latin while these events were still within living memory. Bede was a Saxon but he used Latin because it was the international language of the Church. Pope Gregory, he said, was attracted by some fair-haired young slaves on sale in Rome. The Pope, who was head of the Roman Church, heard that these slaves came from England, and he decided to send a party of his priests to help the English people.

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